Shearing machine (textile)
A shearing machine is a machine in the textile industry , which following the formation of textile fabrics, such as fabric , knitted fabric , felt , Malimo and the like is used, so for textile finishing , in order from the article protruding fibers to remove or velvet-like a products to ensure an even pile length . Pioneering work in this area was done by Severin Heusch in Aachen in 1850 and thus the oldest shear knife factory in Germany, primarily through the development of his "Heusch concave spiral", a shear knife whose main advantage was that its cutting angle changed over the course of the material Wear process no longer changes.
The shearing machine has a fixed lower knife, which is guided over the product tightly or with the desired distance for the pile, and a knife roller with several spiral upper knives which, together with the lower knife, make a scissor-like cut. The goods are carried by a beam-shaped shear table made of steel . The diagonal shearing machine is a special design .
In terms of construction, this construction is similar to a roller or spindle lawnmower and served as the basis for the construction.
The shearing machine must not be confused with the warping machine that is used in the weaving mill .
history
Leonardo da Vinci made the first attempt to mechanize the artisanal process of shearing around 1500. In the specialist textile literature one finds here and there the statement that the clipper was invented in 1758 by the Englishman William Everett . This statement can be referred to in the legend area. After Leonardo da Vinci's first attempts at construction, it took almost three hundred years before the idea of creating a mechanical device for shearing on shearing tables came up. The first to try this was the Englishman John Harmar in 1787 . The mechanized shear table found its way into cloth finishing. By the middle of the 19th century at the latest, however, these shearing devices had been replaced by the increasingly popular rotary knife clippers . This clipper , which is still in use today, was probably invented in 1792 by the American Samuel Grissould Dorr . In 1815 it came to Europe and was further developed here. The rotary knife shearing machine not only prevailed against the mechanized shear table, it also ended manual shearing against the fierce resistance of the hand shearers.
literature
- Julia de Lacy Mann: The Cloth Industry in the West of England from 1640 to 1880 . Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1971, ISBN 0-19-828255-9 .
- Herbert Vogler: Who Invented the Clipper? In: Melliand textile reports. Volume 89, 2008, pp. 39–43.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alois Kießling, Max Matthes: Textile specialist dictionary. New edition, Berlin (Fachverl. Schiele & Schön), 1993. ISBN 3-7949-0546-6 .