Schistosoma haematobium
| Schistosoma haematobium | ||||||||||||
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The pathogen in histopathological examination, surrounded by eosinophils |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Schistosoma haematobium | ||||||||||||
| ( Bilharz , 1852) |
Schistosoma haematobium is a species of flukes from the genus of the pair leeches .
The pathogen, which occurs in Africa and in the Near and Middle East, can cause the infectious disease schistosomiasis, which is responsible for numerous deaths, especially in Africa .
The adult organisms are found in veins that surround the urinary bladder. There they release eggs through the bladder wall and cause hematuria in the urine. Too much calcium builds up in the bladder, which leads to hydronephrosis . Schistosoma haematobium is one of the ten most common causes of infection-related cancers.
The cercariae swim in contaminated water and penetrate the patient's blood system through the skin. They then become adult flukes in the liver. These have antigens on the outside of the host so that they escape the host's immune system. With micturition , the eggs enter the waters in the vicinity of the settlements. There, several eggs form a miracidium that attacks a Bulinus snail as an intermediate host, where the epithelium is stripped off and a sporocyst develops. Within a few weeks, daughter sporocysts develop from this, which soon leave the snails and are then infectious again for hosts in the water.
The diagnosis is made by examining the urine; the eggs are approximately 112–180 × 40–70 micrometers in size. For prevention, the basic rules of hygiene must be observed. Praziquantel is an option for treatment .
literature
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2012): Schistosoma haematobium (PDF; 1.4 MB). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 100B: pp. 371-384
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich, 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , p. 293.
- ↑ Lancet Global Health (2016; doi : 10.1016 / S2214-109X (16) 30143-7 )