Castle mill (Heidesheim)
The castle mill in Heidesheim am Rhein , a district of Ingelheim am Rhein , is a listed , fenced-in manorial property from the 13th century, located on the southwestern outskirts (Grabenstrasse 44/46). The property includes a mill ditch that flows into a tributary of the Rhine called a wild ditch . The mill in the main building was converted into living quarters in the 1920s.
history
Middle Ages to modern times
The castle mill is located on the southwestern outskirts of Heidesheim, at the foot of the Sommerau corridor. Knight Werner von Winterau owned land there, which he left to his sons in his will of August 16, 1317. Ernst Krebs suspected that there was a farm on the grounds of the castle mill, from which his ancestor Herdegen II cultivated the land. It is not true that he moved from there to Windeck Castle in 1209.
On October 27, 1577, Hans Georg von Bicken († 1608) sold the grounds of the castle mill to Heinrich von Stockheim († 1588). Hans Georg von Bicken, from the von Bicken family , was electoral Mainz Vitztum in the Rheingau and Vogt of the Mainz Altmünster monastery in Heidesheim; Heinrich von Stockheim was a cathedral singer in Mainz, provost of the St. Alban monastery there and electoral bailiff in Heidesheim.
As a result, Heinrich von Stockheim had the renaissance building and the adjoining chapel tower erected in place of a simple mill building. They served him as his official residence and apartment. At the same time, the main building housed a mill, which, with the surrounding barns and stables, formed the economic center of extensive estates and rich income that Heinrich von Stockheim acquired in Heidesheim from 1565. In the description of the parish from the years between 1667 and 1677 by Johann Sebastian Severus it says about the castle mill: Otherwise, an important mill is praised - with a large house, barns and stables, gardens and other accessories. It was built in 1577 by a member of the Stockheim family, who was cathedral cantor in Mainz and bailiff of the village.
The castle mill remained in the possession of Heinrich von Stockheim's heirs until Kurt von Lützow and his son Ernst Christoph transferred the Stockheim house with its accessories, property and income in Heidesheim, Framersheim, Gau-Bickelheim and Selzen (near Alzey) to the Mainz Elector Damian Hartard von der Leyen († 1678) and his heirs sold. After that, the property was owned by the gentlemen for over 100 years, from 1711 Count von der Leyen, who initially managed their extensive free float on the Moselle and Rhine from Koblenz and from 1773 from Blieskastel (Saarpfalz district) and leased the castle mill . Information about the period from 1677 to 1793 is promised by the holdings of the archives of the (from 1806) Prince von der Leyen, which were transferred to the Rhineland-Palatinate state main archive in Koblenz in 1995 and have only been partially cataloged so far.
19th century
From the end of the 18th to the second half of the 19th century, the history of ownership of the Heidesheimer Schlossmühle raises more questions than it answers: On October 21, 1793, French revolutionary troops occupied Kurmainz; on November 4, 1797, France annexed the left bank of the Rhine; on February 9, 1801, the German Empire ceded the area to France in the Treaty of Lunéville . The property of the nobility and the church was confiscated in favor of the French state and auctioned off to the public. If the castle mill escaped this fate, Napoleon returned it to Count Philipp Franz von der Leyen († 1829) on June 25, 1804 and subsequently sold it - before 1820 at the latest, when the prince left his last possessions at the middle Rhein separated in order to acquire Waal Castle (Ostallgäu district) a few years later.
If the archives of the Princes von der Leyen (see above) are allowed to keep more detailed information ready for the turmoil of the French Revolution and for the time of Napoleon, there is no news in sight for the decades after that. The Heidesheim cadastral plans from 1812 and 1841/1843 offer a true-to-scale elevation of the property, but they do not list an owner. The parish's land register records on July 26th, 1865 that the landowner August Krebs († 1905?) And his wife Elisabeth, née Schmahl, bought the castle mill through an exchange - from whom, it is concealed.
Karl Sturm reports that Klara Fauerbach had a notarial certification around 1970 , according to which her grandfather August Krebs bought the castle mill property on February 4, 1870 from Franz Hembes, mayor and landowner in Ober-Olm , for 22,000 guilders, who previously bought it from the miller Michael Hembes had bought it for 20,000 guilders. According to Ms. Fauerbach, her grandparents owned the property until 1905 ... After the dates of purchase and sale and the circumstances of the purchase contradict the official information in the land register, the entire news will be treated with reluctance.
In addition to agriculture, August Krebs operated three mills on the site: a cutting or wood mill, which was probably housed in the prawn mill directly adjacent to the area in the south-west; a grinder or flour mill that undoubtedly housed the main building; and an oil brawl or oil mill, which may be found in the small quarry stone building that leans against the western wall of the property in the north and dates from before 1841/1843. When, with the expansion of the steam mill J. Schmitt in Mainz-Mombach in the first years of the 20th century, the traditional water mills in the area gradually became unprofitable, the mills of August Krebs also closed. The business was probably stopped when he died.
On June 17, 1918, August Krebs' heirs sold the Schlossmühle for 48,000.00 paper marks and 38,400.00 gold marks to the Wiesbaden engineer Michael Schön and his wife Maria Susanna. Only one year later, on June 25, 1919, they sold the property for 62,500.00 paper marks or 19,437.50 gold marks to the Wiesbaden master painter and whitewinder Karl Schmidt and his wife Luise, who repainted the rather dilapidated building and almost a year later - on May 7, 1920 - sold it to the Wiesbaden court pharmacist Max Holländer for 180,000.00 paper marks and 15,822.00 gold marks.
Early 20th century
In the years after 1920 Max and Johanna Holländer completely renovated the castle mill. In 1934 Nikolaus Haupt reported on the renovation in the community's news bulletin: “It was carried out from the huge vaulted cellar with the foundations over two meters thick in places to the attic, and extensive work was carried out. The lower floor of the three-floor storage facility was expanded into living spaces. Most of the important work was carried out by Heidesheim business people. The main thing is artistic wall and ceiling coverings, which are made to match the character of the building and have already received a lot of attention and recognition from experts. The work is an honorable testimony to the skill and performance of the former arts and crafts student and current master carpenter Peter Schlitz there.
In the left wing next to the entrance of the main building is the former castle chapel, a rectangular room with two graceful cross vaults, resting on a column in the middle. The owner also intends to have these manufactured for their previous purpose. The property in its entirety represents an important asset within the community of Heidesheim thanks to the renovation and careful treatment. "
Max Holländer advertised the property in 1938 as follows: “Immediately sellable castle property on the Rhine, near Mainz! Renaissance building under nature protection! Lover object! Rarity! The property, about 5 minutes away from the train station - Basel – Holland, Frankfurt – Paris route, forms a complete whole in a plan, completely fenced in , and includes over 11,000 m² of courtyard space, built-up area, fruit and vegetable garden (noble fruit, almond trees , Sweet chestnuts), 2 greenhouses that are supplied by the heating of the house. The property has its own spring flowing through it so that the garden is irrigated with its own water. The source can also be used to generate electrical power.
The castle, a Renaissance building from around 1160, in plastered quarry stone with square corners, steep slate roof and high Renaissance gables, contains the following: In the basement: vaulted storage cellar, wine cellar, boiler room with coke cellar (hot water heating); on the ground floor: hall, reception room, 4 spacious rooms, 2 girls' rooms, then bathroom for domestic servants, toilet; on the first floor: 4 spacious living rooms, 2 kitchen rooms, 1 small room, toilet; on the 2nd floor: 5 spacious living rooms and bedrooms, bathroom, toilet; in the attic: floor space (beams made of heavy oak); 1 outbuilding contains: laundry room, gardener's apartment, warehouse floor; 1 stable building contains: stable (for horses and cattle, pigs), garage, hayloft; 1 further outbuilding contains: chicken coop, equipment room. - Electric lighting, gas, sewer system, bathroom, hot and cold water running in the rooms, heating, telephone, radio available.
The tasteful interior design of the individual rooms, which is adapted to the architectural style of the castle, with wooden wall and ceiling cladding, some of the room walls are covered with velvet, and the stylish furnishings of the individual rooms are of great artistic and historical value. The owner has furnished the property with a lot of artistic taste and the finest sense of style. Wonderful master paintings, lots of real carpets and other things complete the overall picture of this property, whose uniqueness and cultural-historical value is characterized by the fact that the castle was placed under nature protection ... "
Max Holländer had Grabenstrasse paved at his own expense, on which his chauffeur drove him every morning to Wiesbaden and in the evening.
World War II and post-war period
On November 11, 1938, an article appeared in the news paper of the communities of Gau-Algesheim, Heidesheim and Wackernheim under the heading An old historical building owned by the community of Heidesheim :
The castle mill - the oldest building in Heidesheim - was donated to the municipality of Heidesheim on November 10th. Yesterday at 12.45 p.m., the previous owner, Max Holländer, transferred the building to the community through a preliminary contract - of his own free will and not influenced by any side. At 2 o'clock the notarial deed was already drawn up. And so the long-cherished wish that the old historical building should one day pass into the ownership of the community has become a reality. Holländer had been thinking about making the building available to the community of Heidesheim for a long time.
In 1940 the ownership structure was clarified when the municipality of Heidesheim deposited 3,930.00 Reichsmarks into a blocked account belonging to the emigrant Max Holländer, thus converting the alleged donation into a purchase. But by then the community had long since rented the castle mill to the military authorities in Mainz for residential purposes. Bombed out Mainz families and refugees followed.
After the end of the Second World War, Johanna Holländer filed a lawsuit for redress on May 20, 1949 from New York. In the case of the Schlossmühle, she demanded the return and compensation of DM 100,000.00. When the 5th Civil Chamber of the Mainz Regional Court gave her the Schlossmühle on July 22, 1954, she demanded compensation of DM 49,400.00 plus 4 percent interest since May 20th Approved in 1949, she went on to appeal.
The matter resulted in a settlement which, after a series of expert reports and various local appointments, was concluded on November 19, 1956 at the proposal of the President before the 3rd Civil Senate of the Higher Regional Court in Koblenz. Johanna Holländer received the castle mill back together with the required compensation of 100,000.00 DM plus 4 percent interest from May 20, 1949. Together with the costs of the legal dispute, the municipality of Heidesheim had to bear around 150,000.00 DM.
Since 1956
On April 26, 1957, Mayor Joseph Dillmann took the oath of revelation in the community's news paper: After the community's legal representative had given the community council, the latter agreed to the settlement after careful consideration and with a heavy heart. However, given the legally weak position of the community, it could no longer be justified to continue the legal dispute, which had been pending for 7 years. The amount of compensation is only compensation for damage for which the municipality is responsible; the castle mill remains the property of the claimant. The compensation includes compensation for damage to buildings, horticultural facilities and for lost use.
This financial burden confronts the municipality's budget with difficult tasks. Nevertheless, the tasks necessary for the further development of the community must be continued. The compensation amount can only be covered by taking out a short-term municipal loan. Repayment and interest must be paid from the regular budget. An increase in property and trade tax to the national average rates of 200 percent and 300 percent will therefore not be avoidable.
Perhaps those who are jointly responsible will recognize the injustice of which they - perhaps unconsciously - are complicit and that they have inflicted immeasurable damage on the community. It is unnecessary to try to gloss over something. It was a crime and the whole community has to face the consequences. Unfortunately, the person primarily responsible for compensation cannot be called upon as he does not own anything.
The wood paneling was turned into firewood in the years of need after the Second World War, and the velvet coverings on the walls were turned into children's clothes. Otherwise, Johanna Holländer was satisfied with the income from the current rents that the property generated.
Johanna Holländer died before January 29, 1969. On this day the castle mill was registered in the land register of the Heidesheim community for its heirs: half each to the regional association of the Jewish community in Hesse and half to the Irgun Olej Merkas Europa in Tel Aviv. The sold the property on March 11, 1970 to the Heidesheim builder Theodor Kiese. Just two weeks later he passed it on to the Ingelheim pharmaceutical company CH Boehringer Sohn .
CH Boehringer Sohn had the completely shabby property renovated from the ground up as a representative residence for a member of the company management. When the work was well advanced, the main and auxiliary buildings burned down to the foundation and outer walls on September 1, 1971. The question of guilt remained unresolved. CH Boehringer Sohn rebuilt the castle mill under strict conditions imposed by the monument authority. From 1976 to 2000 the main building was used for lectures and seminars. Since 2000, it has housed the office of the foundations of business associations and shareholders: Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds. Foundation for Basic Medical Research; Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation; and Sibling Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation for the Humanities.
Since 2013, the castle mill has been the home of Jefferson Graf von Pfeil and Princess Alexandra zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berlenburg and their children.
The Schlossmühle was sold on in 2019. The property continues to serve as a private residence.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Karl Rossel, Ed., Document Book of the Eberbach Abbey, Vol. 2, Wiesbaden 1870, p. 665, No. 793.
- ↑ Ernst Krebs, On the history of Heidesheim, in: Männer-Gesang-Verein Einigkeit Heidesheim, ed., Festschrift for the flag consecration combined with valuation singing on July 4th, 5th and 6th, 1925, Gau-Algesheim o. J. (1925) Pp. 5-33 especially p. 25.
- ↑ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt, inventory A 2 No. 84/42
- ↑ Johann Sebastian Severus, Dioecesis Moguntina, in the Mainz city archive, signature HBA I 50, vol. III: Capitula ruralia Algesheim to Lohr, fol. 2r: " Caeterum insigne molendinum cum grandi domo, areis et stabulis, hortis aliisque anno 1577 per quendam e familia Stockheimiana, cantorem Moguntinum et huius loci postulatum satrapam, constructum celebratur. "
- ↑ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt, inventory A 2 No. 84 / 72–75.
- ↑ Anja Ostrowitzki, arrangement, inventory of files and official books of the archives of the princes von der Leyen in the state main archive Koblenz, Koblenz 2004 (= publications of the state archive administration Rhineland-Palatinate, vol. 102).
- ↑ Karl Sturm, What do we know about the castle mill ?, in: Nachrichtenblatt der Gemeinde Heidesheim am Rhein, Volume 21, No. 47, November 20, 1970, p.
- ↑ The name in Latin letters from 1932 to 1939 was Hitachduth Olej Germania ( Hebrew הִתְאַחְדוּת עוֹלֵי גֶּרְמַנְיָה Hit'achdūt ʿŌlej Germanjah , German 'Vereinigung der Olim Deutschlands' , HOG; as in the title of Hitachduth Olej Germania's bulletin ), between 1940 and 1942 Hitachdut Olej Germania we Austria ( Hebrew הִתְאַחְדוּת עוֹלֵי גֶּרְמַנְיָה וְאוֹסְטְרִיָה Hit'achdūt ʿŌlej Germanjah we-Ōsṭrijah , German 'Association of Olim Germany and Austria' , acronym: HOGoA; see. Bulletin of Hitachdut Olej Germania we Austria ), then from 1943 to 2006 Irgun Olej Merkas Europa ( Hebrew אִרְגּוּן עוֹלֵי מֶרְכַּז אֵירוֹפָּה Irgūn ʿŌlej Merkaz Ejrōpah , German 'Organization of the Olim Central Europe' ; as in their organ: MB - weekly newspaper of Irgun Olej Merkas Europe ), since then the association has been called the Association of Israelis of Central European Origin ( Hebrew אִרְגּוּן יוֹצְאֵי מֶרְכַּז אֵירוֹפָּה Irgūn Jōtz'ej Merkaz Ejrōpah , German 'Organization of those from Central Europe' ; see. Title of its organ Yakinton / MB: Bulletin of the Association of Israelis of Central European Origin ).
Coordinates: 49 ° 59 ′ 26.8 ″ N , 8 ° 6 ′ 52 ″ E