Narrow-winged gang owl
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Narrow-winged gang owl ( Noctua orbona ) |
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| ( Hufnagel , 1766) |
The narrow-winged gang owl ( Noctua orbona ), also known as gray-brown gang owl , small gang owl , hedge herb corridor or dry forest gang owl , is a butterfly from the owl butterfly family (Noctuidae).
features
The moths have a wingspan of 33 to 45 millimeters. The basic color of the upper side of the forewing varies from light brown to reddish brown. At the front edge at the end of the wavy line is a typical deep black costal spot. Ring and kidney defects are usually clearly marked and outlined in light. The transverse lines can usually be seen and are darker than the basic color. Some specimens also have a middle shadow. The forewings are relatively narrow.
The yellow hind wings have a relatively narrow, black fringe and a relatively small, crescent-shaped, black discal patch.
The hemispherical egg with a flattened base is initially whitish and turns orange shortly before the egg caterpillars hatch. The surface is ribbed.
The color of the caterpillar varies from ocher yellow to brownish gray. It has three whitish back lines on its back. Between the back lines, a black, elongated spot is developed on each segment. The caterpillar is lighter colored on the sides with a broad reddish gray side stripe. A black, yellow-edged spot is formed on the vent shield. The brownish head has a fine mesh pattern and two dark arched stripes. The pronotum is also brownish and shows three light longitudinal lines.
The pupa is shiny brown to brownish red.
Similar species
Noctua orbona has a deep black costal spot at the end of the wavy line at the front edge of the forewing, the Noctua comes is missing or which is very faded light or dark brown. The forewings are narrower in Noctua orbona than in Noctua comes . On the hind wings, the black band at the edge of Noctua comes is wider and the discal patch is larger but also somewhat more blurred than in N. orbona .
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species is native to North Africa (Morocco to Libya), western, central and southern Europe, in the north to Scotland, southern Norway, central Sweden and southern Finland. From there the distribution area stretches across the Baltic states across Russia to the Urals . In Asia, the southern evidence extends from Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and somewhat questionable to Iran, Afghanistan and northern India. The distribution area stretches in the north to Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Occasionally, however, the moths are found far outside their actual area, as they often migrate far.
The area includes light forests and heaths with sandy soil. But it is missing in the higher elevations of the mountains.
Way of life
The narrow-winged gang owl forms one generation per year, whose moths fly from June to September. They are considered to be very fond of hiking. The moths take a summer dormancy from July to early August. They are nocturnal and come to artificial light sources. They visit flowers and are also baited . The caterpillars are found from September to May of the following year. The nocturnal caterpillars live hidden in the herb layer. They feed on various low plant species such as grasses and herbaceous plants . The following information can be found in the literature:
- Silver grass ( Corynephorus canescens )
- Common ballgrass ( Dactylis glomerata )
- Creeping couch grass ( Agropyron repens )
- Reed fescue ( Festuca arundinacea )
- Sharp buttercup ( Ranunculus acris )
- Creeping buttercup ( Ranunculus repens )
- Creeping cinquefoil ( Potentilla reptans )
- Common cowslip ( Primula veris )
- Common chickweed ( Stellaria media )
- Primroses ( Primula spec.)
- Dandelion ( Taraxacum spec.)
- Gorse ( genista )
- Clover ( Trifolium spp.)
The caterpillar overwinters. Pupation takes place in a cave in the earth.
Danger
The species is endangered in Germany (category 3). In North Rhine-Westphalia it is even viewed as severely endangered. In Austria the species has been reported from all federal states but has become rare.
swell
- ↑ a b Red Lists at Science4you
- ↑ a b Fibiger (1993: p. 76/7)
- ^ Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 35)
- ↑ Noctuinae (Noctuidae) collection of Siberian Zoological Museum by the curators GS Zolotarenko and VV Dubatolov ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Axel Steiner in Ebert (1998: pp. 365–368)
- ↑ Gerfried Deschka, Josef Wimmer, The Butterfly Fauna of the Cross Wall, Contribution. Naturk. Upper Austria, 2000
literature
- Axel Steiner and Günter Ebert: The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 7, Nachtfalter V (Owls (Noctuidae) 3rd part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3500-0
- Michael Fibiger: Noctuidae Europaeae, Volume 2 Noctuinae II. Entomological Press, Sorø, 1993, ISBN 87-89430-02-6
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
Web links
- Lepiforum e. V. Photos
- Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (English)
- Markku Savela: Lepidoptera and some other life forms
- Ian Kimber: Guide to the moths of Great Britain and North Ireland (English)
- Noctua orbona at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved April 2, 2011
- Collection of the Natural History Museum Stockholm (Swedish)