Black bengal goat

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Black bengal goat

The Black Bengal Goat (English: Black Bengal , Black Bengal Goat or Bangladesh Dwarf ) is a small permanent but fast-growing and fruitful meat breed of domestic goat that originated in South Asia has. The focus is on northeast India and Bangladesh .

description

The black Bengal goat is a small to dwarf goat breed with mostly black fur. It has short horns and a beard in both sexes and short, horizontal ears. Variants with brown, white or gray short-haired fur are named accordingly Brown Bengal , White (Bearded) Bengal or Gray Bengal , but belong to the same breed. Size and weight vary considerably with shoulder heights between just under 50 to just under 60 centimeters and a weight of 15 to 32 kilograms in adult bucks. Adult goats have shoulder heights of 50 to 55 centimeters and weights between 14 and 20 kilograms.

use

Black Bengal goats before the festival of sacrifice in Dhaka , Bangladesh , 2007

The black Bengal goat is a fast-growing and fertile breed of domestic goat . It is kept as a supplier of meat and leather in its area of ​​distribution, northeast India with the states of West Bengal , Bihar and Odisha as well as Bangladesh . The leather is considered to be of particularly high quality and achieves good prices. During the 110 to 127 day lactation period , the black Bengal goat only gives 54 to 62 kilograms of milk. Both the duration of lactation and the amount of milk are heavily dependent on the amount and quality of the feed and fluctuate accordingly.

In India, the black Bengal goat is by far the most commonly kept of the 23 recognized goat breeds, with more than two-thirds of the population or nearly 20 million animals at the end of the 20th century. The black Bengal goat is even more important in Bangladesh. In 2000 it was the only goat breed recognized in Bangladesh with 34 million animals, that is 57 percent of the livestock. In the previous three decades, the cattle population had declined steadily at around 0.2 percent per year, while the goat population increased by ten percent annually. This lesser importance of large animal husbandry also reflected the population development, with a rapid increase in the extremely poor rural population, who in many cases cannot afford to raise cattle. If necessary, goats can be kept without purchased feed and taken care of by the children of the family. It is also important that there is no tradition of growing fodder crops in Bangladesh. Agricultural land is used to grow human food, but the cultivation of trees as fodder crops for goats has become increasingly popular in recent decades. In 1997, goat meat production in Bangladesh was 116,000 tons, around 25 percent of total beef, sheep and goat meat production. Goat meat is more expensive than the meat of other animals, including poultry, but the meat of the black Bengal goat is also considered to be of particularly high quality.

reproduction

Young goats reach sexual maturity at an age of seven to seven and a half months and weigh between eight and a half to nine kilograms . The first litter occurs at the age of 13 to 14 months and with a weight of 15 to 16 kilograms. A pregnancy follows an average of 1.24 to 1.68 mating . The interval between two litters varies between 177 and 192 days, depending on the amount and quality of the feed. In a year, 70 to 85 percent of goats will be pregnant. The litters, usually three litters in two years, include one to four lambs, with twin births most common and the average number of lambs in one litter increasing from 1.3 to 2.2 from the first to the fourth gestation. The birth weight is around 0.9 to 1.7 kilograms, with strong regional fluctuations. After one year the lambs have reached a carcass weight of 11 to 13 kilograms. The mortality of the lambs fluctuates between 6.5 and 35 percent, here too the feeding of the dams is the decisive factor.

Since the end of the 20th century there have been repeated attempts to further improve the characteristics of the Black Bengal Goat. One approach included breeding selection towards faster growth and a higher slaughter weight, which led to slight increases in value. This contrasted with attempts to achieve improvements by crossing with the large Jamnapuri breed . These crosses produced significant increases in performance, but the resulting hybrids were no longer pedigree goats. The policy currently being pursued in Bangladesh is the breeding of rams with particularly efficient breeding lines, which should be permanently available in decentralized buck parks and which are available to cover goats or whose semen is given to goat keepers. The establishment and maintenance of these breeding facilities is successful because only healthy bucks are allowed to reproduce, they require the keepers to breed according to plan and help avoid inbreeding damage.

Endangered livestock breed

Goat farming in Bangladesh, which has been growing rapidly over the decades, was also characterized by the fact that the keepers neither had the expertise nor the means to ensure the purebred of their goats. Incidental crosses were increasingly common, resulting in undesirable hybridization and inbreeding. It was to be feared that over time an often kept breed such as the black Bengal goat would also be threatened. In efforts to preserve the breed, Bangladesh relies on buck parks , purebred breeding rams that are often run by local goat farmers' cooperatives. The provision of rams typical of the breed to cover the goats of the cooperative members is intended to counteract the impairment of the breed through chance crosses.

variants

  • Assam Hill or Khasi is a white or black long-haired variety of the Black Bengal Goat native to northeast India.
  • Teddy , a dwarf dairy breed common in Pakistan and northeastern Punjab , with or without horns and with black, brown, white or piebald fur, probably descends from the Black Bengal.

literature

Web links

Commons : Black Bengal Goat  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Siegfried Legel: Farm animals of the tropics and subtropics. 2. Buffalo, camels, sheep, goats, wild animals S. Hirzel, 1990, p. 409, ISBN 978-3-74010-176-3
  2. ^ Christian Gall: Ziegenzucht Ulmer, 1982, p. 56, ISBN 978-3-80014-342-9
  3. ^ A b Valerie Porter: Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds , p. 129.
  4. ^ A b c R. M. Acharya: Sheep and Goat Breeds of India . Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome 1982, ISBN 92-5-101212-1 .
  5. ↑ Janet Vorwald Dohner: The encyclopedia of historic and endangered livestock and poultry breeds . Yale University Press, New Haven and London 2001, pp. 38 and 43, ISBN 0-300-08880-9 .
  6. ↑ a b S. A. Chowdhury, MSA Bhuiyan and S. Faruk: Rearing Black Bengal Goat under Semi-Intensive Management. 1. Physiological and Reproductive Performances . In: Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 2002, Volume 15, No. 4, pp. 477-484, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajas.info%2Fupload%2Fpdf%2F15-73.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D .
  7. ↑ MS Tantia and PK Vij: Population estimates of sheep and goat breeds in India . In: Indian Journal of Animal Research 2000, Volume 34, No. 1, pp. 60-63, ISSN  0367-6722 .
  8. ↑ Pramila Umaraw, Akhilesh K. Verma and Pavan Kumar: Barbari Goats: Current Status . In: João Simões and Carlos Gutiérrez (eds.): Sustainable Goat Production in Adverse Environments: Volume II. Local Goat Breeds . Springer International 2017, pp. 29–40, ISBN 978-3-319-71293-2 , doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-319-71294-9_3 .
  9. ↑ SS Kibria, TN Nahar and MM Mia: Tree leaves as alternative feed resource for Black Bengal goats under stall-fed conditions . In: Small Ruminant Research 1994, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 217-222, doi: 10.1016 / 0921-4488 (94) 90067-1 .
  10. ↑ a b M. R. Amin, SS Husain and ABMM Islam: Evaluation of Black Bengal goats and their cross with the Jamunapari breed for carcass characteristics . In: Small Ruminant Research 2000, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 211-215, doi: 10.1016 / S0921-4488 (00) 00165-6 .
  11. ↑ a b S. S. Husain, P. Horst and ABMM Islam: Study on the growth performance of Black Bengal goats in different periods . In: Small Ruminant Research 1996, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 165-171, doi: 10.1016 / 0921-4488 (95) 00832-2 .
  12. ↑ Subhransu Pan et al .: Influence of age, body weight, parity and morphometric traits on litter size in prolific Black Bengal goats . In: Journal of Applied Animal Research 2015, Volume 43, No. 1, pp. 104-111, doi: 10.1080 / 09712119.2014.928623 .
  13. ↑ F. Akhtar, ABMM Islam and MR Amin: Effect of Selection for Growth on Production Performance of Black Bengal Goats . In: Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2006, Volume 9, No. 2, pp. 182-185, doi: 10.3923 / pjbs.2006.182.185 .
  14. ↑ a b Mohammad Shamsul Alam Bhuiyan et al .: Community based livestock breeding programs in Bangladesh: Present status and challenges . In: Journal of Animal Breeding and Genomics 2017, Volume 1, No. 2, pp. 77-84, doi: 10.12972 / jabng.20170009 .
  15. ^ Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (ed.): National Livestock Development Policy . Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka 2007, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fold.dls.gov.bd%2Ffiles%2FLivestock_Policy_Final.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D .
  16. ^ A b S. C. Sarker et al .: Effect of Community Based Buck Parks on Conservation and Development of Black Bengal Goats in Some Selected Villages of Bhaluka Upazila in Bangladesh . In: Bangladesh Journal of Seed Science and Technology 2014, Volume 18, No. 1–2, pp. 1–6, ISSN  1029-8800 .
  17. ^ Valerie Porter: Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds , p. 127.
  18. ^ Valerie Porter: Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds , p. 157.