Black September (terrorist organization)

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Black September ( Arabic منظمة أيلول الأسود Munaẓẓamat Ailūl al-aswad  'Organization of Black September') was the terrorist group that carried out the 1972 Olympic attack in Munich . Their leader at the time was Ali Hassan Salameh . The group derived its name from the Jordanian Civil War of September 1970, which is referred to as "Black September" in Palestinian parlance.

History of origin

The name of the group was based on the Jordanian Civil War, which began on September 1, 1970, the eponymous "Black September" of the Palestinians. On that day, radical Palestinians from the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine carried out an assassination attempt on King Hussein . He then smashed the PLO in his country with the help of royalist troops from Bedouins , whose fighters then went into exile in Lebanon or went underground.

The Black September group was secretly part of Yasser Arafat's guerrilla organization Fatah . It began as a small cell of Fatah men determined to take revenge on King Hussein and the Jordanian army . The organization received support from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), from As-Sa'iqa - a Palestinian group from the Ba'ath Party that was formed in September 1966 - and from other groups.

attacks

On November 28, 1971, the group murdered the Jordanian Prime Minister Wasfi Tell . On February 6, 1972, five Jordanians living in Germany were murdered .

On September 5, 1972, eight armed members of the terrorist organization stormed the living quarters of the Israeli team during the Summer Olympics in Munich and took eleven team members hostage. The hostage-taking in Munich ended with a failed hostage rescue by the police.

In September and October 1972, dozens of letter bombs were sent from Amsterdam to Israeli diplomats around the world. Ami Shachori, agricultural adviser at the Israeli embassy in London , died on September 19, 1972 at the age of 44 as a result of such a letter bomb attack.

On August 5, 1973, terrorists Talaat Hussein Abdallah and Zemed Mohammed Ahmed, who identified themselves as members of the Black September group, opened fire on a passenger lounge at Athens airport , killing three people and wounding 55 .

Suspected members

On behalf of Israel's Prime Minister Golda Meir , a list of suspected members of the group “Black September” was compiled after the attack in Munich. This list has expanded over time. An official version has not been published.

Members are:

Busting

The group has been crushed by the Israeli intelligence service Mossad over the years . Most of the members were tracked down and killed by agents of the Caesarea special unit in various European states. It is believed that it was dissolved around 1988.

Working with other radical groups

There is disagreement among historians and journalists about the structure of the organization and the extent to which the group was controlled by Fatah.

In June 2012, Der Spiegel reported that the terror group received support from German neo-Nazis in 1972. It became known that the Palestinian terrorists obtained false papers and weapons with the help of Germans and that the German neo-Nazi Willi Pohl had chauffeured the mastermind behind the attacks, Abu Daoud , through Germany and helped him in other ways.

See also

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Harvey W. Kushner: Munich Olympic Massacre . In: same: Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks / London / New Delhi 2003, p. 248.
  2. ↑ Report in TIME magazine on October 2, 1972 (English)
  3. ↑ Spiegel-Online , queried on June 18, 2012.