Wadi Haddad

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Wadi Haddad

Wadi Haddad ( Arabic وديع حداد, DMG Wadīʿ Ḥaddād ; * 1927 in Safed ; † March 28, 1978 in East Berlin ), battle name / Kunya Abu Hani , was a Palestinian terrorist of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and agent of the Soviet secret service KGB .

Life

Haddad was born in Safed to Greek Orthodox parents. His father was a teacher at a secondary school in Haifa . Wadi Haddad also received his school education there. During the Palestine War in 1948, he and his family fled to Lebanon . Here he began to study medicine at the American University of Beirut and met George Habasch for the first time . Together they founded the Movement of Arab Nationalists (English: Arab Nationalist Movement, abbreviated ANM), the pan-Arab pursued goals.

After graduating, he went to Amman , Jordan, together with Habasch , and set up a clinic. There he worked with UNRWA in 1956 , but was placed under arrest on charges of subversive activities against the royal family. In 1962 he managed to escape to Syria . From 1963, Haddad spoke out in favor of armed resistance and terrorist actions against the state of Israel, which he described as a Zionist occupier.

After the Six Day War , the Palestinian arm of the ANM was transferred to the PFLP under the leadership of George Habasch. Haddad became the leader of the military arm of the PFLP, which was involved in organizing attacks on Israeli targets. Among other things, he was involved in the planning of the first PFLP aircraft hijacking in 1968, in which a machine from the Israeli airline El Al was hijacked.

On September 6, 1970, the PFLP hijacked three aircraft from the airlines BOAC , Swissair and TWA almost simultaneously . The hijacking of a fourth El Al aircraft by a group led by Leila Chaled failed. The planes had to land at the so-called Dawson's Field , a disused airfield of the British Army, near the city of Zarqa in Jordan. The kidnappers demanded the release of Palestinian prisoners in exchange for the hostages . During the negotiations on September 9, 1970, a fifth plane belonging to the British airline BOAC was brought under his control by a PFLP sympathizer and used as leverage for the release of Chaled, who had meanwhile been arrested in London. The plane also landed on Dawson's Field . In the end, all of the hostages were released and the planes blown up. These events came to be known as part of what is known as Black September . Until 1975 he worked with Ilich Ramírez Sánchez alias Carlos , whom he first met in 1970 and trained in guerrilla warfare.

Haddad has been heavily criticized by the PFLP and has been banned from attacking any other target outside of Israel. He then founded the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - External Operations (PFLP-EO) as a sub-organization within the PFLP.

According to the records of the former KGB archivist Vasily Mitrochin , Haddad was recruited as an agent by the KGB in 1970 under the pseudonym “Nationalist” . In a report to the CPSU General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev , the then KGB chief Yuri Andropov justified this in 1974 by stating that "the contact with Haddad [allows the KGB] to control the activities of the PFLP's external operations department to a certain extent, to influence them in a way favorable to the Soviet Union and, in the case of absolute secrecy, to carry out active measures in our interest with the forces of his organization ”.

In 1976, Haddad organized the hijacking of an Air France plane on the route from Tel Aviv to Paris, which was hijacked to Entebbe after a stopover in Athens . The kidnapping failed when Israel intervened with a spectacular military operation ( Operation Entebbe ). Then Haddad was expelled from the PFLP, but the splinter group PFLP-EO he had founded continued to exist.

Haddad is also considered to be the mastermind behind the hijacking of the plane "Landshut" in support of the Red Army faction .

Haddad died on March 28, 1978 in East Berlin and was buried in Baghdad . There are contradicting information about the exact cause of death. For one thing, it is claimed that he died of leukemia . According to a film by Egmont R. Koch , Haddad died of Belgian chocolates in which the Mossad had injected a slow-acting poison. The film proves this through interviews with Gad Schimron , a former officer of the Israeli foreign intelligence service Mossad, as well as through information from the Stasi records authority . The handing over of the chocolates to Haddad is said to have been made possible by an informant who is still unknown. Accordingly, Haddad is said to have been so weakened during the Landshut kidnapping that he could no longer fully monitor the process. According to Ronen Bergman , he was slowly being poisoned by the Mossad through his toothpaste.

Representations in art

In the fictional film Carlos - The Jackal (2010) about the Venezuelan Ilich Ramírez Sánchez , based on historical events, Haddad is portrayed by the Lebanese actor Ahmad Kaabour.

Web links

literature

  • Bassam Abu Sharif: Wadi Haddad. Al-Ruaa, Ramallah 2013 (Arabic)
  • Aaron Mannes: Profiles in Terror. A Guide to Middle East Terrorist Organizations. Rowman & Littlefield, 2004, ISBN 978-0-7425-3525-1 .
  • Wolfgang Kraushaar : “When will the fight against the holy cow Israel finally begin?” Munich 1970: on the anti-Semitic roots of German terrorism. Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-498-03411-5 .
  • Yezid Sayigh: Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949-1993. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York 1997, ISBN 0-19-829265-1 (English)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Austrian Military Journal, 1976, p. 428 Online in the Google book search
  2. ↑ a b Kai Bird: Crossing Mandelbaum Gate: coming of age between the Arabs and Israelis, 1956 , Simon and Schuster, 2010, p. 254 online in the Google book search
  3. ↑ a b c Samuel M. Katz, Ron Volstad: Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars (2), Osprey Publishing, 1988 p. 22 online in the Google book search
  4. ↑ Christopher Andrews and Wassili Mitrochin: Black Book of the KGB . 2001, p. 472
  5. ^ Sheets for German and International Politics , 2007, p. 1226
  6. ↑ Michel Wieviorka: The Making of Terrorism , p. 254 Online in the Google book search
  7. ↑ Aaron Mannes, Profiles in Terror. A Guide to Middle East Terrorist Organizations . 2004, p. 311
  8. ↑ Jonathan R. White: Terrorism and Homeland Security , p. 300 Online in the Google book search
  9. ↑ The Desperados Camp: How the PFLP trained European terrorists in: Der Spiegel 3/1995 of January 16, 1995
  10. ^ Mogadishu: Feature Film Germany 2008
  11. ↑ Oliver Schröm: In the shadow of the jackal: Carlos and the trailblazers of international terrorism , Ch. Links Verlag, 2002, p. 165 online
  12. ↑ Tödliche Schokolade , Documentary, 2010 , broadcast on July 7, 2010 on Das Erste
  13. ↑ Israel used chocs to poison Palestinian in: The Sidney Morning Herald of 8 May 2006, accessed December 2, 2011
  14. ↑ Ronen Bergman, Rise and Kill First, Random House, 2018, chapter 13. Death in the toothpaste
personal data
SURNAME Haddad, wadi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Palestinian terrorist, leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
DATE OF BIRTH 1927
PLACE OF BIRTH Safed
DATE OF DEATH March 28, 1978
Place of death East Berlin