Sulfur-induced resistance

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As sulfur-induced resistance (SIR) is the enhanced ability of plant defense against pathogens and herbivores denotes that at a supply of sulfur occurs over the time required for the optimum growth amount. Because it is not in the SIR to a resistance is in the true sense, and the alternative term was Sulfur-enhanced defense ( Engl. "Sulfur increased defense" ) proposed.

discovery

Along with the decline in sulfur dioxide pollution in the atmosphere since the 1980s through the installation of desulphurisation systems and catalysts, it was noticed that the susceptibility of some cultivated plants to fungal pathogens was increasing. At the same time, cultivated, pungent-tasting Brassicaceae (e.g. radishes or radishes ) had a lower taste intensity, which indicated a decrease in the content of mustard oil glycosides , sulfur-containing antibodies. Based on these and other observations, the theory was formulated that there is a connection between the plant's sulfur metabolism and disease resistance.

Biochemical basics

The amino acid cysteine is the first product of sulfur assimilation and serves as a precursor for the formation of other sulfur-containing substances such as methionine , sulfur-containing proteins , the antioxidant glutathione and various phytochemicals . With a sulfur supply that goes beyond the requirements of the basic metabolism and growth, excess cysteine ​​can be used to increase the formation of sulfur-containing substances with a function in the defense against stress .

Possible substances that could contribute to an increased resistance to pathogens are:

To what extent and how the sulfur supply interacts with other pathogen defense-related metabolic pathways and signaling pathways (e.g. salicylic acid or jasmonate pathways ) is still largely unknown.

literature

  • E. Bloem, S. Haneklaus, E. Schnug (2007): Sulfur-induced resistance (SIR) - sulfur fertilization as a sustainable strategy for keeping plants healthy. Journal for Consumer Protection and Food Safety 2 (1), 7–12
  • Kruse, C., Jost, R., Lipschis, M., Kopp, B., Hartmann, M, Hell, R. (2007) Sulfur-enhanced defense: effects of sulfur metabolism, nitrogen supply, and pathogen lifestyle. Plant Biology 9 (5): 608-19