Scud

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Scud is the NATO name for various ballistic surface-to-surface missiles from the Soviet Union . The DIA code is depending on the variant SS-1b Scud-A , SS-B 1c scud , SS-1d scud C , SS-1e Scud-D , and SS N-1 Scud-A . Scud missiles are still in use today and are among the most widely used short-range missiles (SRBM) in the world.

The Scud missiles are based on the waterfall anti-aircraft missile, which was developed in the final phase of the Second World War in the German Reich . The Soviet designers of the Scud were Sergei Pawlowitsch Koroljow , Viktor Petrovich Makejew and Aleksei Michailowitsch Isajew, who developed the rocket engine . The production took place u. A. in the Votkinsk engineering factory and between 7,000 and 10,000 rockets were produced. From the 1970s onwards there was extensive proliferation . Scud missiles came inter alia in the Yom Kippur War , Afghan Civil War , the first Gulf War , Gulf War , First Chechen War , Second Chechen War , civil war in Libya , civil war in Syria and in the civil war in Yemen used.

variants

R-11 (SS-1b Scud-A)

→ Main article: R-11 Semlja
The original version R-11 Semlja has the NATO code name SS-1b Scud-A and is designated in the GRAU index 8A61 . The export designation was initially R-11E and later R-170 . The R-11M version, equipped with a nuclear warhead , followed later . This is referred to in the GRAU index 8K61 . The R-11 was introduced to the Soviet Army in 1958 .

F-11FM (SS-N-1 Scud-A)

The R-11F and F-11FM were submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) missiles and had the NATO code name SS-N-1 Scud-A . The F-11F / FM were installed as part of the D-1 missile complex on the submarines of Project 611 (NATO code name Zulu class ) and Project 629 (NATO code name Golf class ). The R-11F was introduced to the Soviet Navy from 1958 .

R-17 (SS-1c Scud-B)

→ main products: R-17
Execution R-17 carries the NATO code name SS-1c Scud-B and is in the gray index 8K14 designated. The entire complex is called 9K72 Elbrus and the export designation is R-300 or R-17E . The R-17 was introduced to the Soviet Army in 1964 and then exported to many countries.

R-17M (SS-1d Scud-C)

→ Main article: R-17
The R-17M , a range-enhanced version of the R-17, was developed in the Soviet Union from 1965. The project was canceled in the early 1970s. Around two decades after the project was canceled, Scud-C derivatives appeared in North Korea and Iran , all of which stem from the Soviet R-17M draft. This version bears the NATO code name SS-1d Scud-C and in the GRAU index it is designated 9K77 or 9K72M Rekord . The R-17M has the same dimensions as the R-17 and has a range of 450–500 km with a warhead of 750 kg.

R-17MU (SS-1e Scud-D)

→ Main article: R-17
This version appeared in North Korea, Iran and Syria in the late 1990s . There is not much reliable data about the Scud-D and there are no publicly available photos of this rocket. This version bears the NATO code name SS-1d Scud-D and in the GRAU index it is designated 9K72MU . In North Korea the Scud-D is also called Hwasong-7/9 and in Iran Shahab-2 . The R-17MU has a range of over 700 km with a warhead of 500 kg.

R-17WTO

→ Main article: R-17
From the late 1960s onwards, an R-17 version with an end-phase steering system was developed in the Soviet Union. The development of the R-17WTO designated missile was canceled in 1989. The entire complex is called 9K72-1 Aerofon . In older sources, the R-17WTO is sometimes incorrectly referred to as Scud-D.

literature

  • Lennox Duncan: Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems . Edition 2001, 34th edition Edition, Jane's Information Group, 2001, ISBN 0-7106-0880-2 .
  • Pavel Podvig: Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces . MIT Press, 2004, ISBN 0-262-16202-4
  • Schmucker Robert & Schiller Markus: Missile Threat 2.0: Technical and Political Basics . Mittler Verlag, 2015, ISBN 3-8132-0956-3 .
  • Zaloga Steven, Laurier Jim & Ray Lee: Scud Ballistic Missile Launch Systems 1955-2005 . Osprey Publishing, 2006, ISBN 1-84176-947-9

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Duncan Lenox: Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems, Edition 2001. 2001. pp. 131-134.
  2. ↑ Lukáš Visingr & Štěpán Kotrba: Ruské balistické rakety - odkaz dvou géniů. In: legacy.blisty.cz. ATM Magazine, February 9, 2009, accessed February 22, 2017 (cz).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Schmucker Robert & Schiller Markus: Missile Threat 2.0: Technical and Political Basics . 2015. pp. 278–303.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Zaloga Steven, Laurier Jim & Ray Lee: Scud Ballistic Missile Launch Systems 1955-2005 . 2006. pp. 4-14.
  5. ↑ a b c 9К72 / Р-17 - SS-1C / D / E SCUD-B / C / D. In: military.tomsk.ru. Military Russia, accessed November 22, 2018 (in Russian).