Shield bristle
| Shield bristle | ||||||||||||
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Common shield bristle ( Scutellinia scutellata ) |
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| Scutellinia | ||||||||||||
| ( Cooke ) Lambotte |
The shield bristle ( Scutellinia ) are a genus of the real hose mushrooms from the family of the fire pillow relatives .
features
Macroscopic features
The Schildbrstlinge all have sessile 1 to 25 mm apothecia , which are bright orange or reddish in color, and have stiff, bristle-shaped hair. The hymenium varies from whitish-ocher to yellow-orange to carmine-red. They have black or brown hair on the edge.
Microscopic features
The spores are round to elliptical and are usually decorated with warty ornaments. For reliable identification, the warts are made visible by staining with lactic acid aniline blue . The asci have at maturity 2, 4, 8, or multiples of 8 ascospores.
Ecology and occurrence
Shield bristles live saprophytically on the ground or on dead plant remains. They are cosmopolitan on all continents from the tropics to the Arctic. In his monograph Schumacher divides the species into four bioclimatic and bioclimatic groups: tropical-equatorial, subtropical, temperate and boreal zones . Schumacher also classifies them according to their substrate: saprophytes on humus, saprophytes on wood (conifers and hardwood) and saprophytes in forests (on various dead organic material). Accordingly, they colonize practically any decomposing organic material provided that the humidity is constant. Suitable habitats are therefore brook banks, shady, damp forests, springs, canals, etc. They fructify more or less all year round, but preferably in summer.
Systematics
Perry and co-workers placed the shield bristle in clade 7 within Pyronemataceae and showed the relationship to Ramsbottomia , Cheilymenia , Kotlabaea and Byssonectria .
species
The index fungorum lists 125 valid species names worldwide. Yao and Spooner (1996) give 19 species for Great Britain. The Austrian mushroom database lists the following species:
- Short-haired shield- bristle ( Scutellinia ahmadii )
- Niedrigwarziger shield bristle Ling ( Scutellinia barlae )
- Warty shield bristle ( Scutellinia cejpii )
- Marsh Shield-bristle ( Scutellinia citrina )
- Arched shield bristle ( Scutellinia convexa )
- Lashed shield bristle ( Scutellinia crinita )
- Star- haired shield- bristle ( Scutellinia crucipila )
- Variously ornamented shield bristle ( Scutellinia heterosculpturata )
- Nordic shield bristle ( Scutellinia hyperborea )
- Kerguelensian shield bristle ( Scutellinia kerguelensis )
- Le Gal's shield bristle ( Scutellinia legaliae )
- Large spore shield bristle ( Scutellinia macrospora )
- Small shield bristle ( Scutellinia minor )
- Black- hooped shield- bristle ( Scutellinia nigrohirtula )
- Olive-coloring shield-bristle ( Scutellinia olivascens )
- Tierra del Fuego shield bristle ( Scutellinia patagonica )
- Pilat's shield bristle ( Scutellinia pilatii )
- Almost warzigsporiger Schildbristling ( Scutellinia pseudotrechispora )
- Common shield bristle ( Scutellinia scutellata )
- Glattsporiger Schildbristling ( Scutellinia setosa )
- Almost frosted shield bristle ( Scutellinia subhirtella )
- Giant shield bristle ( Scutellinia superba )
- Flaming shield bristle ( Scutellinia torrentis )
- Sternsporiger Schildbristling ( Scutellinia trechispora )
- Orange-red shield bristle ( Scutellinia umbrorum )
- Crystal clear shield bristle ( Scutellinia vitreola )
literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms . BLV Buchverlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-8354-0053-5 .
- YJ Yao, BM Sponner: Notes on British species of 'Scutellinia' . In: Mycol. Res. 100, 1996, pp. 859-865.
- T. Schumacher: The genus 'Scutellinia' (Pyronemataceae) . Opera Botanica N ° 101, 1990 pp. 1-107.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ BA Perry, K Hansen, DH Pfister: A phylogenetic overview of the family Pyronemataceae (Ascomycota, Pezizales) . In: Mycol Res. , 2007, 111 (Pt 5): 549-71.
- ↑ Index Fungorum (accessed March 26, 2010)
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria