Wood shield bristle

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Wood shield bristle
Scutellinia scutellata.jpg

Wood shield bristle ( Scutellinia scutellata )

Systematics
Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina)
Class : Pezizomycetes
Order : Cuplets (Pezizales)
Family : Fire pillow relatives (Pyronemataceae)
Genre : Scutellinia ( Scutellinia )
Type : Wood shield bristle
Scientific name
Scutellinia scutellata
( L  .: Fr. ) Lamb.

The wood shield bristle or common shield bristle ( Scutellinia scutellata ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the fire pillow relatives.

features

Edge hairs in the light microscope

Macroscopic features

The fruiting bodies are initially flat, bowl-shaped to disc-shaped, sessile apothecia from 3 to 6 mm in diameter. Both the bright scarlet color of the spore-forming layer ( hymenium ) and the bristly hair on the outside, which is brown in color, are striking . The edge in particular has brown, long, pointed bristles that can be seen with the naked eye and can be up to 1.3 mm long. This is why it is also referred to in English as the “eyelash cup”. The consistency is waxy.

Microscopic features

The tubes are cylindrical and measure 240–250 × 12–17 μm. The spores are hyaline , elliptical and covered with densely packed warts, which are only visible after coloring with lactic acid - aniline blue . Unstained, they appear as coarse-grained internal granulations. They are 16–19 x 10–12.5 μm in size. In large numbers they appear white like a spore print . The paraphyses are thread-like, widened somewhat clumpily on the side, with orange colored granular contents. An operculum (a kind of cover) with a subapical ring and an ascus porus can be seen at the tip of the tube under the electron microscope.

Species delimitation

The wooden shield bristle can be recognized by its long hair, but it can be confused with other rarer shield bristles. Scutellinia umbrarum is more orange-red in color and its spores have larger warts. Scutellinia trechispora is a ground dweller, has shorter bristles. Its spurs are round.

Ecology and phenology

The wood shield bristle is common on a wide variety of substrates. It grows saprobion table on dead wood or on other plant residues. Sometimes you can find him directly on earth. It has also been found on ashes or on Porlingen . In a study of fungal succession on poplar stumps that lasted over six years, it was observed that the wood- shielded bristle appeared around the middle of the fungal succession, along with species such as Ascocoryne sarcoides , Scutellinia cervorum , and Lasiosphaeria spermoides . On wood, it is often covered by surrounding moss and so is often overlooked.

While it can be found in Europe from April to November with a focus on spring, in North America it develops its fruiting bodies in winter and spring.

distribution

It occurs all over the Northern Hemisphere, but also in tropical areas such as Cameroon , Colombia , India , Israel , New Guinea and Solomon Islands .

ingredients

The carotenoids are pigmented molecules that are found in plants and in some fungi such as Scutellinia scutellata . A study carried out in 1965 described the composition of the carotenoids in the shield bristle and found a high proportion of monocyclic carotenes, i.e. with only one cyclohexene ring, as well as the well-known beta-carotene . Lower levels of xanthophyll , a carotene-related molecule, were also found.

literature

  • Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 4th edition. BLV, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 , p. 584 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ VS Evenson: Mushrooms of Colorado and the Southern Rocky Mountains . Westcliffe Publishers, Englewood, Colo 1997, ISBN 1-56579-192-4 , pp. 189 .
  2. ^ J. van Brummelen: Ultrastructure of the ascus and the ascospore wall in Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycotina) . In: Persoonia . tape 15 , no. 2 , 1993, p. 129-148 .
  3. ^ A b David Arora: Mushrooms Demystified: a Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi . Ten Speed ​​Press, Berkeley, California 1986, ISBN 0-89815-170-8 , pp. 838-839 .
  4. ↑ A. Runge: Succession of fungi on Poplar Populus canadensis stumps . In: Journal of Mycology . tape 48 , no. 1 , 1982, pp. 133-140 .
  5. ↑ M. Jordan: The Encyclopedia of Fungi of Britain and Europe . David & Charles, 1995, ISBN 0-7153-0129-2 , pp. 51 .
  6. ↑ Clovis Douanla-Meli, Ewald Langer: Notes on Discomycetes (Helotiales, Pezizales): New species and new records from Cameroon . In: Mycotaxon . tape 92 , 2005, p. 223-237 .
  7. ^ LE Tobon: Ascomycetes of Colombia Discomycetes of the department of Antioquia . In: Caldasia . 16, No. 78, 1991, pp. 327-336.
  8. ^ LR Batra, SWT Batra: Indian Discomycetes . In: University of Kanses Scientific Bulletin . 44, No. 1/14, 1963, pp. 109-256.
  9. ↑ H. Nemlich, Z. Avizoharhershenzon: Pezizales of Israel 4. Humariaceae (B) . In: Israel Journal of Botany . 25, No. 1-2, 1976, pp. 41-52.
  10. ^ Y. Otani: Mycological reports from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands part 3. Enumeration of the Sarcoscyphaceae and Scutellinia humariaceae . In: Bulletin of the National Science Museum (Tokyo) . 14, No. 3, 1971, pp. 401-422.
  11. ^ Jensen SL: On fungal carotenoids and the natural distribution of spirilloxanthin . In: Phytochemistry . tape 4 , no. 6 , 1965, pp. 925-931 , doi : 10.1016 / S0031-9422 (00) 86270-6 .

Web links

Commons : Wood Shield-bristle ( Scutellinia scutellata )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files