Stem porlings
| Stem porlings | ||||||||||||
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Sclerotia stalk porling ( Polyporus tuberaster ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Polyporus | ||||||||||||
| P. Micheli ex Adans. : Fr. |
The stem porlings or actual porlings ( Polyporus ) are a formerly large, currently very small, genus consisting of three species from the family of stem porlings (Polyporaceae).
The type species is the Sclerotien-Stielporling ( Polyporus tuberaster ).
features
Macroscopy
The species of the genus Polyporus (from the Greek "with many pores") form central to lateral stalked or multiply tree-like branched-stalked, annual, wood-dwelling fruiting bodies with a tubular hymenophore on the underside of the hat. In the case of the red hare ( Polyporus umbellatus ), the fruiting bodies are apparently ground-dwelling, since they arise from a sclerotium, which is formed in symbiosis with honey fungus species on tree roots. The trama of the fruiting bodies is freshly fleshy and becomes brittle as it dries. The stem is brightly colored in all species and does not turn dark or black with age. The spore powder is white to cream in color. The type species and the squirrel form so-called sclerotia or "mushroom stones".
microscopy
The hyphae system appears monomitic as the generative hyphae dominate the fruiting body. However, skeletal and connective hyphae also occur, which can be swollen up to 17 μm wide, so that the hyphae system is trimitic. The spores are cylindrical in shape.
ecology
The species of the genus live as saprobionts on various types of wood or on roots and produce white rot in the affected wood . The squirrel lives in symbiosis with hallima species such as B. Armillaria gallica or Armillaria cepistipes , the presence of which is required for the formation of sclerotia.
species
The genus includes 1–3 species worldwide. In Europe there are 1 to 2 taxa - depending on the generic conception.
| Stalkporlinge ( Polyporus ) in Europe |
Systematics
In the past, many stem porling mushrooms were placed with Polyporus . However, genetic studies show that the genus is polyphyletic. Most of the former species are now assigned to the genera Cerioporus , Cladomeris , Favolus , Lentinus , Neofavolus and Picipes . This reduces the formerly large genus, depending on the view, to only one to three species worldwide. In addition to the generic type, the sclerotia-Porling ( Polyporus tuberaster ), these are the calibration hare ( Polyporus umbellatus ) and occurring in China Polyporus hapalopus .
The squirrel hare is noticeable for its branched stalk and its multi-hatchedness, which is why it has already been assigned to many genera such B. Cladodendron , Cladomeris , Dendropolyporus , Grifola , Merisma or Polypilus. Whether it is in the genus Polyporus again or forms a monotypical genus as Cladomeris umbellata depends on how closely the genus Polyporus s. st. is understood.
within the Stielporlinge related (Polyporaceae) the genus of the Stielporlinge in the narrow sense is closest to the genera such. B. Cerioporus , Cladomeris (if it recognizes as a stand-alone), Datronia , Datroniella , Echinochaete , Favolus, Melanoderma, Neodatronia, Neofavolus, Picipes and Pseudofavolus used. However, the pedigrees of the current studies contradict each other with regard to the exact ramifications, e.g. B. regarding the position of Favolus and Neofavolus .
Due to the convergent, outwardly similar shape of the fruiting body, the genus Polyporus continues to be defined morphologically, contrary to molecular phylogenetic knowledge, in some cases on a more or less broad basis. For example, Bao-Kai Cui et al. in their compilation of the stem porlings-like China to a broad genus concept that is polypohyletic, also according to their own family trees.
Lentinus arcularius with wide holes or Borstrandiger Stielporling
Winter Stalkporling
Lentinus brumalis
May or summer stalk
porling Lentinus substrictus
Honeycomb
stem porling Neofavolus alveolaris
Chestnut-brown or brown-red stalk
porling Picipes badius
Eichhase or Ästiger Büschel-Porling
Polyporus umbellatus / Cladomeris umbellata
Different examples of stem porlet-like fruit bodies from different genera.
meaning
The squirrel and the sclerotia are edible and partly appreciated edible mushrooms . Squirrel sclerotia have been used as a diuretic in China for over 2000 years . The fruit bodies are also used for medicinal purposes.
swell
literature
- Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
- Hermann Jahn : Central European Porlinge (Polyporaceae s.lato) and their occurrence in Westphalia . In: Westphalian mushroom letters . tape IV . Heiligenkirchen / Detmold 1963 ( available online ).
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): The large mushrooms of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Jun-Liang Zhou, Lin Zhu, Hong Chen, Bao-Kai Cui: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Polyporus Group Melanopus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China . In: PLOS ONE . tape 11 , no. 8 , August 3, 2016, ISSN 1932-6203 , p. 1-23 , doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0159495 .
- ↑ SX Guo, JT Xu: Nutrient source of sclerotia of Grifola umbellata and its relationship to Armillaria mellea . In: Acta Bot. Sin. tape 34 , 1991, pp. 576-580 .
- ↑ a b Gen Kikuchi, Hiroki Yamaji: Identification of Armillaria species associated with Polyporus umbellatus using ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA . In: Mycoscience . tape 51 , no. 5 , September 2010, p. 366-372 , doi : 10.1007 / S10267-010-0053-8 .
- ↑ a b c Kozue Sotome, Tsutomu Hattori, Yuko Ota, Chaiwat To-anun, Baharuddin Salleh: Phylogenetic relationships of Polyporus and morphologically allied genera . In: Mycologia . tape 100 , no. 4 , July 2008, ISSN 0027-5514 , p. 603-615 , doi : 10.3852 / 07-191R .
- ↑ a b c d e f Ivan V. Zmitrovich, Alexander E. Kovalenko: Lentinoid and Polyporoid Fungi, Two Generic Conglomerates Containing Important Medicinal Mushrooms in Molecular Perspective . In: International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms . tape 18 , no. 1 , 2016, ISSN 1521-9437 , p. 23-38 , doi : 10.1615 / IntJMedMushrooms.v18.i1.40 .
- ↑ Leif Ryvarden, Robert L. Gilbertson: European Polypores. Part 2: Meripilus - Tyromyces . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 7 . Fungiflora, Oslo 1993, ISBN 978-82-90724-13-4 .
- ↑ Cladomeris umbellata. Retrieved April 25, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c Bao-Kai Cui, Hai-Jiao Li, Xing Ji, Jun-Liang Zhou, Jie Song: Species diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of Polyporaceae (Basidiomycota) in China . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 97 , no. 1 , July 2019, ISSN 1560-2745 , p. 137-392 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-019-00427-4 .
- ↑ a b Yong-Mei Xing, Li-Chun Zhang, Han-Qiao Liang, Jing Lv, Chao Song: Sclerotial Formation of Polyporus umbellatus by Low Temperature Treatment under Artificial Conditions . In: PLoS ONE . tape 8 , no. 2 , February 20, 2013, ISSN 1932-6203 , p. 1-14 , doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0056190 .
