Sclerotia stalk porling
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Sclerotia stalk porling ( Polyporus tuberaster ) |
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| ( Jacq. Ex Pers. ) Fr. (1821) |
The sclerotia-polyporus, short sclerotia-Porling or Small Scale Porling ( Polyporus tuberaster , syn. P. lentus , P. forquignoni ) is an edible mushroom species from the family of Stielporlingsverwandten (Polyporaceae). The non-leaf fungus grows on branches lying on the ground and is able to develop a bulbous pseudosclerotium in the soil as a persistence and storage organ. Hence its name Klumpen-Stielporling or Klumpen-Porling .
features
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Macroscopic features
The sclerotia stalk porling forms fruiting bodies divided into a hat and a stalk . The circular hat is initially flat arched, in older specimens depressed to funnel-shaped. Depending on the food available, it can reach 2–15 cm in diameter. The hat skin tears into radially oriented, darker and sometimes fringed scales. The color varies from pale yellow to ocher to ocher-reddish to ocher-brownish. The cream-colored or whitish underside of the hat is interspersed with relatively coarse, rounded to elongated pores that run down the handle as a mesh. They measure 0.5–2 × 0.5–1 mm. In young specimens, the full-fleshed stalk sits in the middle of the hat, due to the growth it is also eccentric with age. It grows up to 6 cm long and 1.5 cm thick. The stem surface is either bare or covered with an ocher-rusty yellow to whitish felt. The meat is whitish, hardly tough, smells and tastes unspecific.
Microscopic features
The elongated-elliptical spores are 9.5-14.5 micrometers long and 3.5-4.5 µm wide.
Species delimitation
The Scaly Stielporling ( Cerioporus squamosus ) is much larger with a hat width of up to 40 cm, smells strongly of flour or cucumber and often grows on thick, living trees. The mostly decentralized (laterally attached) stem is also black at the base.
The honeycomb porling ( Neofavolus alveolaris ) has significantly more pores.
ecology
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The sclerotia stem porling is a saprobiontic wood dweller that colonizes dead standing trunks and lying rotten hardwoods and produces a white rot in the substrate . The fruiting bodies grow either directly from the dead wood or from sclerotia lying in the ground (the common name pseudosclerotia is misleading according to Jahn). That persistence organ consists of agglutinated fungal threads in which earth, stones and roots are enclosed. Sclerotia arise where the substrate has intensive contact with the ground. The structures are believed to act as a nutrient store the fungi even after the complete decomposition of the substrate a fructification to enable. However, they are not formed in all locations, but primarily in areas with dry, warm summers. The sclerotia, also known as “mushroom stones”, can produce new fruiting bodies for years under suitable conditions (storage in slightly moist soil). In Italy the sclerotia were formerly traded as "pietri fungaia". The Sclerotia stalk porling occurs in Central Europe in the climatically favorable, light floodplain, hornbeam-oak, noble deciduous and beech mixed forests, but prefers moderately fresh to moist soils well supplied with bases and nutrients.
distribution
The Sclerotia-Stielporling is common in the Holarctic in Mediterranean and temperate areas. In Europe it occurs from the Mediterranean area to southern Norway and Sweden. In Germany, the species prefers warm areas in summer and avoids the cool, damp northern lowlands and hill country. It is absent in coniferous forest areas and at heights over 800 m.
meaning
The sclerotia stalk porling is edible.
Systematics
The fruiting bodies, which grow directly from the substrate and mainly occur north of the Alps, have long been regarded as an independent species, Polyporus lentus . Only after the discovery of sclerotia in Central Europe was Jahn able to show that these fungi belong to the species Polyporus tuberaster known from the Mediterranean region .
swell
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 2: Heterobasidiomycetes (gelatinous mushrooms), Aphyllophorales (non-leaf mushrooms), Gastromycetes (belly mushrooms). Mykologia, Luzern 1986, ISBN 3-85604-020-X .
- Hermann Jahn: Der Sclerotien-Stielporling, Polyporus tuberaster (Pers. Ex. Fr.) Fr. ( Polyporus lentus Berkeley) . In: Westphalian mushroom letters . tape XI , no. 7 . Heiligenkirchen / Detmold 1980 ( gwdg.de [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): The large mushrooms of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .
- Karin Monday: Weekly calendar for 2006 . In: The Tintling . Schmelz 2005.
Web links
- Frank Moser: Sclerotia Porling ( Polyporus tuberaster ). In: Natur-Lexikon.com . Retrieved August 9, 2012 .
