Six-eye spiders
| Six-eye spiders | ||||||||||||
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Small woodlouse hunter ( Dysdera erythrina ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Dysderidae | ||||||||||||
| CL Koch , 1837 |
The six-eyed spiders (Dysderidae), also simply called six-eyed spiders , are a family of real spiders and comprise 24 genera and 540 species . (As of June 2016)
The family name should not be confused with the name for spiders with six eyes , to which z. B. the dwarf six-eye spiders (Onopidae) belong. Most spiders have eight eyes. In some families 8 eyes are originally created, but 2 eyes grow together in the course of ontogenesis , so that it looks as if they had six eyes from the start. Few families actually have only three pairs of eyes.
description
Are very small to medium-sized (1.5 to 15 mm) spiders with a cylindrical abdomen and cylindrical front body. Its representatives have the six eyes in a forward-facing group on the forehead. They have strong chelicerae and short, strong legs.
Way of life and habitat
Most nocturnal hunters live mainly on the ground and in the litter of forests or hide under tree bark; the choice of habitats depends partly (as far as known) on the tree species: Dasumia canestrinii inhabits oaks. Some six-eye spiders form endemic genera and species on islands in the Mediterranean , which may also indicate a low tendency to spread. The distributions with a focus on the Mediterranean and habitats show consistently that they are climatically adapted to dryness and warmth; several species are found more frequently in mountains than in the plains.
In Central Europe, 14 are species from four genera of the family of dysderidae home. They are seldom found. The most common types are:
- Dysdera crocata C. L. Koch , 1883 (forests, wetlands, gardens, quarries, caves, houses, damp cellars)
- Dysdera erythrina Walckenaer , 1802 (oak forests, grasslands, vineyards , stony ruderal fields )
- Harpactea hombergi Scopoli , 1763
- Harpactea lepida C. L. Koch , 1838 ( grasslands and dry deciduous forests)
- Harpactea rubicunda C. L. Koch , 1838 (like H. lepida)
Systematics
The World Spider Catalog currently lists 24 genera and 540 species for the six-eye spiders. (As of June 2016)
- Cryptoparachtes Dunin , 1992
- Dasumia Thorell , 1875
- Dysdera Latreille , 1804
- Dysderella Dunin , 1992
- Dysderocrates Deeleman-Reinhold & Deeleman , 1988
- Folkia Kratochvíl , 1970
- Harpactea Bristowe , 1939
- Harpactocrates Simon , 1914
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Holissus Simon , 1882
- Holissus unciger Simon , 1882
- Hygrocrates Deeleman-Reinhold , 1988
- Kaemis Deeleman-Reinhold , 1993
- Mesostalita Deeleman-Reinhold , 1971
- Minotauria Kulczyński , 1903
- Parachtes Alicata , 1964
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Parastalita Absolon & Kratochvíl , 1932
- Parastalita stygia (Joseph , 1882)
- Rhode Simon , 1882
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Rhodera Deeleman-Reinhold , 1989
- Rhodera hypogea Deeleman-Reinhold , 1989
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Sardostalita Gasparo , 1999
- Sardostalita patrizii (Roewer , 1956)
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Speleoharpactea Ribera , 1982
- Speleoharpactea levantina Ribera , 1982
- Stalagtia Kratochvíl , 1970
- Stalita Schiödte , 1847
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Stalitella Absolon & Kratochvíl , 1932
- Stalitella noseki Absolon & Kratochvíl , 1933
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Stalitochara Simon , 1913
- Stalitochara kabiliana Simon , 1913
- Tedia Simon , 1882
Web links
- Dysderidae in the World Spider Catalog
- Dysderidae in the Wiki of the Arachnological Society
literature
- Ambros Hänggi, Edi Stöckli, Wolfgang Nentwig: Habitats of Central European Spiders , Miscellanea faunistica Helvetiae. Center suisse de cartographie de la faune, CH-2000 Neuchâtel 1995, ISBN 2-88414-008-5
- Stefan Heimer, Wolfgang Nentwig : Spinnen Mitteleuropas , Paul Parey Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-489-53534-0
- Dick Jones: Der Kosmos-Spinnenführer , Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, W. Keller, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-440-06141-8
- Kreuels, M. (2007): The six-eye spider Dysdera erythrina .- Pest Control, 10 (37): 21.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.0 - Dysderidae . Retrieved June 7, 2016.