Shangshung

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Tibetan name
Tibetan script :
ཞང་ ཞུང་
Wylie transliteration :
zhang zhung
Official transcription of the PRCh :
xang xung
Chinese name
Pinyin :
象雄
Wade-Giles :
Xiàngxióng
Shangshung (Tibet)
Shangshung
Localization of Tibet in China
Center of Shangshung State

Shangshung ( Tib . : zhang zhung ; official PRC transcription : xang xung ; Chin. Xiàngxióng 象雄 ) was an independent state and a culture of ancient Tibetan history in western Tibet. The center of the Shangshung area was in what is now the Ngari administrative district in western Tibet. In Chinese documents of the Tang period , the term Yangtong (Yángtóng 羊 同) is also used for this. As its capital applies Khyunglung ( Tib. Khyung development or Khyunglung Ngülkhar (Tib.) Khyung development dngul mkhar ) in today's Circle Zanda (Tsada).

Shangshung is the origin of the Bon belief, there are unique Shangshung texts. According to legend, the Bön founder Shenrab Mibo ( gshen rab mi bo ) united the Shangshung and was the first ruler of Shangshung. With the increase in power of Tibet (Tubo / Tufan) that of Shangshung gradually decreased, its last king Ligmincha (Ligmirya) inflicted two defeats on the Tibetan ruler Songtsen Gampo ( srong btsan sgam po ), later it became a vassal state of Tibet. After the suppression of Buddhism by Langdarma , part of the Tibetan royal family fled to Shangshung and founded the Guge Empire there .

Quote

“According to historical records, the Zhangzhong power [ie Shangshung] was the oldest power in Tibet. Zhangzhong is referred to as Yangtong in the Han Chinese history book. This area is called 'Chodai' (Noman (sic!) Denstamm) in the Tibetan history book. In the heyday of the Zhangzhong power, the country was divided into the inner, outer and middle (sic!) Part. Today's Nagqu area was then in the middle and outer part of Zhangzhong's power. Damnor Qoinzong, the center of central Zhangzhong, was on Tangra Yumco Lake, in the south-western (sic!) Part of today's Nagqu district. After the Zhangzhong power fell, the area she ruled (sic!) Was reduced in size. Around the 7th century, the eastern part of this area was under the rule of the Supi tribe. Later the Tubo tribe gradually gained strength, united the whole of Tibet, established the strong Tubo dynasty and also placed northern Tibet under its (sic!) Rule. "

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References and footnotes

  1. ↑ Chin. Ali diqu阿里 地区
  2. ↑ See the short article about the people of the Yangtong, an ethnic group of the ancient Qiang people (an ancient people in the area of ​​Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan), in Cihai , p. 1972a.
  3. ↑ Chinese Qionglong 穹隆
  4. ↑ Chinese Qionglongyin cheng 穹隆 银 城
  5. ↑ german.cri.cn (found on June 16, 2010): “ Some people therefore said that the capital Qionglong of the legendary ancient kingdom of Zhangzhung, which is reported in the Bon religion, was in today's Zanda district. "
  6. ↑ Chinese 辛 饶 弥 沃 or 顿 巴辛 饶; or Shenrab for short, Chinese Xinrao 辛 饶
  7. ↑ lig myi rhya; Chinese Limixia 李 迷 夏; see. Alex McKay: The history of Tibet , p. 238.
  8. ↑ Chinese Langdama 朗达玛
  9. ↑ Chinese Guge wangchao 古 格 王朝
  10. ^ Nagqu , The Chinese Intercontinental Publishing House, ISBN 7-80113-834-1 , p. 6f.
Shangshung (alternative names of the lemma)
Shang Shung, Zhang Zhung, Zhangzhung, Tib. ཞང་ ཞུང , Wylie: zhang zhung; xang xung; chin. Xiàngxióng 象雄 , Xiang Xiong, Official transcription of the PRC : xang xung ; Chin. Xiàngxióng 象雄 , Xiangxiong wangchao 象雄 王朝 , Zan-Zun

Coordinates: 32 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  N , 80 ° 6 ′ 4.7 ″  E