Schedim

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Schedim ( Hebrew שֵׁדִים) denotes spiritual beings in Judaism who were created out of fire and wind and can both cause harm and be friendly. Their whereabouts have also been suggested near graves.

Tanakh

In the Tanach the word Schedim (“protective spirits”) is used twice ( Psalm 106: 37 and Deuteronomy 32:17) and denotes non-gods to whom sacrifices were made. The Hebrew expression is a loan word from Akkadian . The Torah (Deut 32:17) speaks explicitly of Schedim as "non-gods" and assures that there are no supernatural powers besides the one and only YHWH , the God of Israel (Deut 4:35). The term non-gods in the Torah has an intentionally sarcastic undertone.

Among other things, the Se'irim ("hairy beings") are distinguished from the Schedim .

The Christian theologian Woyke claims that in the Jewish tradition pagan gods are generally referred to as Shedim (see but).

Midrash

According to the Midrash, like angels , they have wings and can reach the limits of heaven to hear what will happen in the future, but they must also ingest food, multiply and die like humans.

Aggada

According to popular belief, they are sometimes the children of Samael and Lilith . According to another legend , Shabbat broke even before God had created their bodies and should actually become like humans, but since God rested on Shabbat, their bodies were never completed.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Adele Berlin, Marc, Zvi Brettler: Jewish study bible , 2nd. Edition, Oxford University Press, [Sl] 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-997846-5 , pp. 420, 1389 (accessed September 28, 2017).
  2. ^ A b c Erik Stave [1901-1906]: DEMONOLOGY. . In: Singer, Isidore; Adler, Cyrus (Ed.): Jewish Encyclopedia . Funk & Wagnalls, New York 2002, LCCN  16-014703, (Retrieved September 28, 2017).
  3. ↑ Johannes Woyke Götter, 'Götzen', Götterbilder: Aspects of a Pauline 'Theology of Religions' Walter de Gruyter, January 1, 2005, ISBN 978-3-11-090619-6 , page 226
  4. ↑ Ronald H. Isaacs Ascending Jacob's Ladder: Jewish Views of Angels, Demons, and Evil Spirits Jason Aronson, 1998 ISBN 978-0-7657-5965-8 page 93
  5. ^ Adele Berlin The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion Oxford University Press, 2011 ISBN 978-0-19-973004-9 page 209

See also