Shin Bet

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IsraelIsrael "General Security Service" ( Sherut ha-Bitaẖon haKlali )
- Shin Bet -
logo
State level Country
Consist since February 8, 1949
Headquarters Tel Aviv
Authority management Nadav Argaman
Employee approx. 5000
Website https://www.shabak.gov.il/english/Pages/index.html

Schin Bet (שב) is the short name of the Israeli domestic intelligence service in Tel Aviv , which was established in 1949. Schin (ש) and Bet (ב) are the first letters of Scherut Bitachon (German: "Sicherheitsdienst"). Another common name of the secret service is Shabak (שב״כ), an acronym for Shabak - Scherut haBitachon haKlali ? / i (שירות הביטחון הכללי, German: "General Security Service"), the English self-designation is Israeli Security Agency (ISA, German: "Israeli Security Agency"). Alongside the Aman military intelligence service and the Mossad foreign intelligence service, it is one of the Israeli intelligence agencies. A fourth intelligence service ( Lakam ) was officially disbanded in 1986. Audio file / audio sample

assignment

The duties of the Shabak are:

organization

The number of staff in the service is estimated at around 5,000 full-time employees. However, it is assumed that there will be a significantly higher number of unofficial employees (informants).

On May 15, 2005, Juval Diskin took over the management of Schin Bet. His predecessor, Avi Dichter , was dismissed from office with praise after five years of service.

In November 2003, four former chiefs of the Shin Bet, Avraham Shalom , Ja'akov Peri , Karmi Gilon and Ami Ajalon , called on the Israeli government to reach a peace settlement with the Palestinians .

On March 28, 2011, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu appointed Joram Kohen as director of the Shin Bet, replacing Juval Diskin.

criticism

Until 1987, the Israeli government denied that the Shin Bet and other state organs used torture. From 1987 to 1999, certain forms of torture were euphemistically referred to by the government as “moderate physical pressure”, were considered legal, were not considered to be a violation of the UN Convention against Torture, ratified in 1991 , and were systematically applied. In September 1999, the Supreme Court ruled these interrogation methods illegal. But even after 1999, human rights organizations such as the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel and B'Tselem accuse the Shin Bet of systematic torture of prisoners. However, the specific cases are not pursued by the Israeli courts, but rejected as unfounded or the treatment of the prisoners was justified. Human rights organizations such as the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel therefore accuse the Shin Bet and the government of returning to the pre-1999 torture practice.

In the Federal Republic of Germany , the intelligence service has also been criticized since 2009 because Schabak agents repeatedly carried out identity checks when handling flights by Israeli airlines at Berlin-Schönefeld Airport , which, in their way, was only carried out by German security authorities as part of the exercise sovereign powers may be carried out.

The film director Dror Moreh interviewed six former heads of the secret service about the practices of the domestic secret service and, based on their statements, supplemented with archive material, produced the documentary Kill First - The Israeli Secret Service in 2012 . The film was nominated in January 2013 for the US film award Oscar in the category "best documentary". It was released in cinemas in Israel at the beginning of 2013, and in Germany in March of the same year it was shown on arte and on Das Erste .

Directors

literature

  • Ronen Bergman: The Shadow War. Israel and the Mossad's secret killings. DVA, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-421-04596-6 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heritage. Retrieved October 17, 2018 .
  2. ^ Lisa Hajjar: Courting conflict . The Israeli Military Court System in the West Bank and Gaza (London, University of California Press 2005), ISBN 0-520-24193-2 , p. 72
  3. ^ Gavin H. Boyles, Jessica L. Downs: Human Rights in the World Community: Issues And Action (University of Pennsylvania Press 2006), ISBN 0-8122-1948-1 , p. 87.
  4. ^ Gad Barzilai: Communities and Law . Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities (University of Michigan Press 2003), ISBN 0-472-11315-1 , pp. 94f; Robert B. Ashmore: State Terrorism and Its Sponsors . In: Tomis Kapitan: Philosophical Perspectives on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (ME Sharpe 1997), ISBN 1-56324-877-8 , pp. 120-124; Thomas G. Mitchell: Native vs. Settlers . Ethnic Conflict in Israel / Palestine, Northern Ireland, and South Africa (Westport, Greenwood 2000), ISBN 0-313-31357-1 , p. 138.
  5. ↑ Vincent Iacopino, Michael Peel: The Medical Documentation of Torture (Cambridge University Press 2002), ISBN 1-84110-068-4 , p 163f .; B'Tselem : Torture and in particular The Interrogation of Palestinians During the Intifada: Ill-Treatment, "Moderate Physical Pressure" or Torture? (1991) and Routine Torture: Interrogation Methods of the General Security Service (1998).
  6. ^ Lisa Hajjar: Courting conflict . The Israeli Military Court System in the West Bank and Gaza (London, University of California Press 2005), ISBN 0-520-24193-2 , p. 195
  7. ↑ Nir Hasson: 40 complaints a year to the AG, zero investigations ( memento of the original from March 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Ha'aretz, November 9, 2006) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.haaretz.com
  8. ↑ Doubtful identity checks by Israeli agents Spiegel-online of October 24, 2009
  9. ↑ Start the battle, lose the war? in FAZ of March 5, 2013, page 31
  10. ↑ Where no camera should have been Süddeutsche.de. Retrieved March 5, 2013