Shinai Kyogi
Shinai Kyōgi ( Japanese 撓 競技 , dt. "Bamboo Sword Competition") was a Japanese martial arts that was only practiced for a few years around 1950, but which clearly influenced modern Kendō .
history
During the occupation of Japan , the Japanese Ministry of Education banned the practice of the Budo disciplines Karate , Kyūdō , Kendō and Naginata as school and university sports in 1945 because they were considered a means of education for militarism . In order to circumvent this prohibition, a variant of Kendō was developed by some Kendō teachers. The "All-Japanese Shinai Kyōgi Association" ( 全 日本 撓 競技 連 盟 , Zen Nippon Shinai Kyōgi Renmei ) was founded in March 1950. 1952 Shinai Kyogi was accepted as a sport and school sport. In 1952 the occupation ended with the peace treaty of San Francisco . In October 1952, the All-Japanese Kendō Association was re-established. In 1954 both associations merged. Kendō completely replaced Shinai Kyōgi, but took over some rules.
equipment
Shinai Kyogi should already be outwardly different from Kendō. The athletes wore white pants and shirts. In addition, there was a white fencing mask of the type used in European fencing . Instead of do and tare , a padded protective vest called the protector ( プ ロ テ ク タ ) was worn. This was similar to the vest used in Taekwondo , but it had three hanging rags to protect the hips and abdomen. The side hit areas on the fuselage were partially highlighted in color. Sports shoes and protective gloves, like the kote in kendō, completed the equipment.
The Shinai differed significantly from that used in Kendō. It was a maximum of 1.15 meters long and resembled a Fukuro Shinai in structure . It consisted of four bamboo splices, which were divided again in the middle third of the length and finally again divided into 16 splices in the front third. This bamboo bundle was in a protective cover made of leather, fabric or rubber.
regulate
Numerous rule changes were intended to make the Budo martial art Kendo a modern sport that was more similar to western fencing.
In contrast to the pre-war kendō and the war time, the fighting time was limited. In addition, the fighting area was limited. It measured 6 by 7 meters. Instead of a judge Kamp ( Shimpan ) who decided whether a blow with a real sword would have been successful, three referees were introduced, which used a red and a white flag to indicate the points. So far, the first to have a point or two won, now whoever scored the most points in the given fight time won. Techniques with a higher risk of injury were banned. This also included foot sweeps (as you can still find them in judo today) and blows to the chest (Mune-Tsuki). The wrestling matches for head protection (men) that still occurred at that time were also banned. The kiai (battle cry) has been abolished.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://ejmas.com/jcs/jcsart_svinth_1202.htm
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated November 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jörg Potrafki: History of Kendo (pdf) (147 kB)
literature
- Yasuhiro Konishi: Kendo to shinai kyogi , Kawazu shoten publishing house, Tokyo, 1952 (available there as a PDF file)
- Allen Guttmann, Lee Austin Thompson: Japanese Sports: A History ; University of Hawaii Press, 2001, ISBN 0824824644
- Isaac Joseph Meyer: The Soul of a Nation: Swordsmanship in Japan's Modern Period , (PDF file), Bachelor thesis, 2010
