Shungite

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Shungite (rough stones) from Karelia

Shungite (also: Schungit , Schungit-Kohl , Inostranzeff'sches Schungit , Algae coal and derived from the English Shungite ) is a naturally occurring black rock of Precambrian age, which mainly consists of carbon .

description

Shungites can contain up to 98% carbon and have a density of 1.9 to 2.1 g / cm³. The rock name goes back to Alexander Alexandrovich Inostranzew , who first described shungite in 1880.

Shungites are believed to have formed from digested sludge at least 600 million years ago . Sea algae were probably used as the starting material. They contain the very rarely naturally occurring fullerenes C 60 and C 70 .

In geological research, shungites are divided into five categories, which differ in age and carbon content:

  • Category I (youngest): noble shungite, glassy, ​​black and shiny metallic , carbon content 70 to 95%, approx. 0.01% of it as fullerenes
  • Category II: black shungite, carbon content 40 to 74%
  • Category III: gray shungite, carbon content 20 to 40%
  • Category IV (oldest): carbon content 10 to 25%
  • Category V (oldest): carbon content 1 to 10%

Shungite rock of categories IV and V is called shungite coal .

Occurrence

Well-known sites are Eastern Finland and Russia ( Karelia , Lake Onega in the Shunga region, which gave the stone its name, and Lake Ladoga ), often in areas where oil shale is also found. Other locations are in India in the areas of Tamil Nadu , Cuddapah (Kadapa) , Kodur Mandal and Mangampeta.

use

Shungite is suitable as a black pigment for the production of colors and is then referred to as shungite black . Furthermore, shungite charcoal can be used as a substitute for activated charcoal in filters. Jewelry pendants, necklaces and ornaments are also made from Category II (black shungite) shungite, which can be ground and polished to a high gloss.

literature

  • Hans Murawski: Geological Dictionary . 11th edition. Ferd. Enke-Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 978-3-8274-1445-8 , pp. 149 .

See also

Web links

literature

  • LE Cascarini de Torre, AE Fertitta, ES Flores, JL Llanos, EJ Bottani: Characterization Of Shungite By Physical Adsorption Of Gases . In: The Journal of the Argentine Chemical Society . tape 92 , no. 4-6 , pp. 51–58 ( online - free full text).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Unearthing Buckyballs ( Memento July 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
  2. ↑ A. Piestrzynski, et al. (Ed.): Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century . Verlag AA Balkema, Lisse 2001, ISBN 978-90-265-1846-1 , pp. 63 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ Regina Martino: Shungite - stone of life energy . Mankau-Verlag, Murnau 2012, ISBN 978-3-86374-056-6 , p. 15 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ↑ Mineral Atlas: Shungite