Silver-leaved golden nettle

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Silver-leaved golden nettle
Lamium argentatum LC0034.jpg

Silver-leaved golden nettle ( Lamium argentatum )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Lamioideae
Genre : Dead nettles ( Lamium )
Type : Silver-leaved golden nettle
Scientific name
Lamium argentatum
( Smejkal ) Executioner ex GH Loos

The Silver-Goldnessel , also called silver Goldnessel or Florentine Goldnessel is a species of the genus of deadnettle ( Lamium ), subgenus of the gold nettles ( Galeobdolon ), within the family of the Lamiaceae (Labiatae). The species emerged as a hybrid in garden culture. It is still a popular garden plant today, which is also wild and widespread as a neophyte in Central European flora. There are different views on the taxonomic classification of the plant family .

description

The silver-leaved golden nettle is an evergreen, runners perennial . The leafy, above-ground creeping shoots take root and can reach a length of more than a meter. The upright flowering shoots reach a stature height of 20 to 45 centimeters (rarely from 15 or up to 50 centimeters). The leaves of the creeping shoots are rounded to broadly ovate. They are irregularly single to double notched-sawed, with a short end tooth, more or less rounded. Their base is broad and short, wedge-shaped or rounded, rarely slightly heart-shaped. The cross-opposite stem leaves are 1 to 4.5 (rarely up to 5) centimeters long and 1 to 1.5 centimeters wide, long ovate to ovate lanceolate. A striking, silvery-white speckle ( variegation ) is noticeable on all foliage leaves , which can be seen all year round and often takes up more than half of the leaf area, on both sides of a green zone along the central rib. These white spots also occur occasionally in other golden nettle clans, but are then less extensive and only occasionally present. The leaves go without sharp delimitation into the bracts of the terminal inflorescence. These are narrower, the upper ones mostly pointed, but not ending in a long and pointed tooth. The four-edged flower shoots are hairy, closer to the edges than on the surfaces, lying close to or semi-protruding, they are markedly wrinkled and ribbed above, within the inflorescence.

The golden yellow colored lip flowers form tiered pseudo whorls of (3) 5 to 10 (rarely up to 12) individual flowers. With a length of about 21 to 26 millimeters, these are strikingly large in comparison with the related clans. The five calyx teeth are triangular and hairy pressed down. The upper lip of the corolla is strongly arched and ciliate at the edge. As is typical for all golden nettles, the lower lip has a brownish mark.

After examining Polish plants, Lamium argentatum can also be differentiated from the related clans on the basis of the surface design of the nuts of the Klaus fruits .

Lamium argentatum is tetraploid with 2n = 4x = 36 chromosomes and corresponds to Lamium montanum , while the common golden nettle usually has a diploid set of chromosomes. The existence of hybrids with the mountain nettle Lamium montanum with intermediate expression of the characteristics appears likely.

Taxonomy and systematics

Golden nettles with silvery speckled leaves have been known in horticulture for a long time, they were mostly understood as cultivars Lamium galeobdolon 'Florentinum' or Lamium galeobdolon 'Variegatum'. In 1975 they were described as a new species by the botanist Miroslav Smejkal , who was doing research at Charles University in Prague, under the basionym Galeobdolon argentatum . The taxonomy of the clan is involved, as there is no general agreement about their status as a species, subspecies or form, or the status and correct name of the golden nettles, which depending on the botanist as a broad collective species, as a subgenus or as a separate genus Galeobdolon ( syn . Lamiastrum ). In his revision of the genus Lamium , Jacob Mennema took the silver gold nettle as a form of the common gold nettle within the genus Lamium and named it Lamium galeobdolon forma argentatum . However, many newer authors continue to regard them as a subspecies or even as a separate species.

In a more recent appraisal of the morphological and genetic data, Katarzyna Krawczyk and colleagues came to the conclusion that they are currently best classified as Lamium galeobdolon subsp. argentatum (Smejkal) J.Duvign. to the common gold nettle, closely related to the mountain gold nettle, but emphasize the need for further research. According to a phylogenomic investigation of the genus Lamium by Mika Bendiksby and colleagues in 2011, it appears that polyploidization occurs within the (diploid) Lamium galeobdolon subsp. galeobdolon obvious. In the Floraweb database of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, it is still listed in the species rank as Galeobdolon argentatum .

distribution

As far as is known, the species originated in culture, in the garden, real wild occurrences are not known. The first occurrences already existed in the 19th century, but the clan was misunderstood and ignored for a long time. However, it is widespread, often due to the deposition of garden waste, overgrown within forests and naturalized there as a neophyte. Regionally, for example in the Netherlands, it is more common there than the indigenous common golden nettle. In Germany, the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation lists it as an invasive species in the so-called management list of the warning list of invasive vascular plant species in Germany . In places in near-settlement or light forests in Germany and Austria, the ground vegetation is almost exclusively formed by the silver-leaved golden nettle, which can displace native species. In addition, through hybridization it threatens the genetic potential of the other golden nettle clans, which are threatened in some areas. The species belongs to the agriophytes , these are those neophytic species that not only gain a foothold in disturbed habitats, but that can penetrate into natural vegetation.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Miroslav Smejkal (1975): Galeobdolon argentatum sp. nova, a new representative of the collective species Galeobdolon luteum (Lamiaceae). Preslia (Praha) 47: 241-248.
  2. ↑ Aneta Czarna & Lestek Bednorz (2011): New diagnostic features of taxa within Lamium subg. Galeobdolon (Lamiaceae). Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu 15: 49-51.
  3. ↑ R. Rosenbaumová, I. Plačková, J. Suda (2004): Variation in Lamium subg. Galeobdolon (Lamiaceae) - insights from ploidy levels, morphology and isozymes. Plant Systematics and Evolution 244 (3/4): 219-244.
  4. ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller: Rothmaler - Exkursionsflora von Deutschland: Volume 5 Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Springer-Spektrum, Berlin and Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-662-50419-2 , p. 24 and p. 510.
  5. ↑ a b J. Mennema: A taxonomic revision of Lamium (Lamiaceae). Leiden Botanical Series Vol. 11, Leiden University Press, Leiden, New York, Kobenhaven, Cologne 1989, ISBN 90-04-09109-2 , pp. 45-46.
  6. ↑ Katarzyna Krawczyk, Tadeusz Korniak, Jakub Sawicki (2013): Taxonomic status of galeobdolon luteum Huds. (Lamiaceae) from classical taxonomy and phylogenetics perspective. Acta biologica Cracoviensia. Series botanica 55 (2): 1-11. doi: 10.2478 / abcsb-2013-0016
  7. ↑ Mika Bendiksby, Anne K. Brysting, Lisbeth Thorbek, Galina Gussarova, Olof Ryding (2011): Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Lamium L. (Lamiaceae): Disentangling origins of presumed allotetraploids. Taxon 60 (4): 986-1000. doi: 10.1002 / tax.604004
  8. ↑ Galeobdolon argentatum Smejkal, German name: Silberblättrige Goldnessel . FloraWeb - data and information on wild plants and vegetation in Germany, published by the BfN Federal Agency for Nature Conservation.
  9. ^ A b Stefan Nehring, Ingo Kowarik, Wolfgang Rabitsch, and Franz Essl (editors): Nature conservation-related invasiveness assessments for alien vascular plants living in the wild in Germany. BfN-Skripten No. 352. published by the BfN Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn 2013. ISBN 978-3-89624-087-3 . therein nature conservation invasiveness assessment Galeobdolon argentatum - silver gold nettle, pp. 98–99.
  10. ↑ Dietmar Brandes and Hannes Schlender (1999): On the influence of garden culture on the flora of the forest edges. Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften 5 (4): 769–779.
  11. ↑ Hans-Peter Rusterholz and Bruno Baur (2012): Illegal green waste dumps promote exotic species in the forest. Forest and Wood 8/2012: 29–31.

Web links

Commons : Lamiastrum galeobdolon Variegatum Group  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files