Smertrios

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Smertrios fragment on the stele of the Nautae Parisiaci

Smertrios , also Smertrius , Smertulitanos , or Smertullus , was a Celtic god who is equated with Mars in the Interpretatio Romana . Its functions are unknown.

Lore

Smertrios is best known for his depiction on a square of the pillar of the nautae Parisiaci ("Paris boatmen's guild"), which dates from the time of Emperor Tiberius . On the so-called cuboid III, the “ Dioscuri cuboid”, its incomplete relief is preserved, which shows a deity with a club fighting a snake. The lower half of the cuboid is lost. The partially destroyed but reconstructed inscription reads Smert [rios] . The image concept is reminiscent of Hercules , but no associated myth is known.

Other sites are in the greater Trier area , where inscriptions for Mars Smertrius were discovered. In one of them, in Möhn , with the name variant Sme [rtuli] t [a] no , he is referred to as the companion of Ancamna . This interpretation is confirmed by two other inscriptions that mention the name Smertulitanos. An inscription from Großbuch in Carinthia with the fragment [D] iti Smer [trio] could prove that Smertrios was equated with Dispater .

Another deity who could possibly be identical to Smertrios is Smertullus. This is documented three times in the south of France, namely in Lattes , Le Veyer in the Queyras Nature Park and Cadenet .

etymology

Smertrios is derived by some linguists from the Indo-European word root * smeru ("fat", "mark"). The old Irish word smertha (" smeared ", "greased") is related , see also our word " Schmer " for lard. Others derive the name from Indo-European * smer- ("remember, remember, worry"), whereby Smertrios would then be "the provider". The goddess Rosmerta is etymologically very close to Smertrios.

Greasing a god figure was a traditional cult act.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ CIL 13, 3026 Tib (erio) Caesare / Aug (usto) Iovi Opt [i = U] m / o / Max {s} [i = U] mo s (acrum) / nautae Parisiac [i] / publice pos [ u = I] erun / [t] // Eurises // Senant V [1] etlon [3] // Iovis // Tarvos (?) Trigaranus // Volcanus // Esus // [C] ernunnos // Castor // [3] // Smert [ri] os // Fort [una?] //] TVS [// D
  2. ↑ Helmut Birkhan: Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. P. 447 f.
  3. ↑ a b Helmut Birkhan: Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. P. 647 f.
  4. ↑ CIL 13, 4119 Marti Sme [rtuli] t [a] no et [Anc] amnae / C (aius) G () Sec [3] / II [
    CIL 13, 11975 In h (onorem) d (omus) d ( ivinae) Numin [i Aug (usti?)] / Marti Smertrio et [3] / Vindoridio Boud [3] / nae Cn (aeus) Domitius Cn (aei?) [fil (ius) .
  5. ↑ CIL 13, 06230 Argiotalus / Smertulitani / f (ilius) Namnis equ (es) / ala Indiana / stip (endiorum) X anno (rum) / XXX h (ic) s (itus) e (st) / (h) eredes posue / runt
    AE 2004, 00935 S [m] ertulitano deo / L (ucius) Victorius Censorin [u] s / sacerdos eiusd (em) numinis d (edit) d (edicavit) // et fib [u] / las / duas / inaura / vit
  6. ↑ AE 1950, 98 [D] iti Smer [trio] Aug (usto) / M (arcus) Claud (ius) Rufus [et] / [I] ulia Gemellina / aedem fecerunt / l (ibentes) m (erito)
  7. ↑ AE 1972, 00329 Domitiae / [D] omiti f (iliae) / Smertullus / Fusci f (ilius) pi (us)
  8. ↑ CIL 12, 00083 T (itus) Vennonius Sm / ertulli fil (ius) Quir (ina) / [3] civitatem / [
  9. ↑ CIL 12, 01065 Lanovalo / Q (uintus) Corn (elius) / Smertullus / v (otum) s (olvit) l (ibens) m (erito) / pro Placido / fratri
  10. ↑ Helmut Birkhan: Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. P. 803 f.
  11. ↑ Helmut Birkhan: Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. P. 596.