Solidarity Pathology

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Solidarity pathology describes the doctrine, according to which every disease process is based on a faulty condition, change or disruption of the solid components (" solida ") and structures of the body, in contrast to humoral pathology ( four juices theory of the Hippocrats ), which is based on the "body fluids" (" Fluida ”). Both directions have been represented since ancient times and can be summarized as somatism . The more recent solidarity pathology was mainly favored by the new scientific research results.

history

Asklepiades of Bithynia (1st century BC) was the first proponent of the theory of solidarity pathology. Georg Ernst Stahl (1660–1737) took up the teaching of solidarity pathology, which at that time mainly consisted of iatrophysics and iatrochemistry . However, he supplemented them by seeing illness as a struggle of the soul (anima) against harmful influences, cf. his teaching of animism . The soul maintained the chemical and physical reactions of the body against harmful influences. Stahl considered the solidarity-pathological viewpoints as " sympathetic " diseases of the organs. He distinguished these from “ pathetic ” disorders, which are to be understood both as general functional disorders in today's physiology sense and as psychogenic causes of illness ( psychogeny ). Stahl thus contributed to the solidarity-pathological standpoint also gaining acceptance in psychiatry . The solidar-pathological view thus became the point of view of the later somatics . The influence of animism was not limited to psychiatry, but continued to have an impact on vitalistic concepts, especially in French medicine ( Montpellier school ).

Giorgio Baglivi (1668–1707) is often described as the founder or “prophet” of the new solidarity pathology. He was of the opinion that “the importance of solids for the development of diseases is greater than that of fluids” . In Giovanni Battista Morgagnis (1682–1771) “ Pathology of Solida ” the causes of certain symptoms of illness were transferred to individual organs . This teaching was based on exact pathological autopsy findings . The French anatomist and physiologist Marie François Xavier Bichat (1771–1802) finally developed the first morphopathology in which he placed the tissue and no longer the whole organ at the center of physiology. This paved the way for the development of cellular pathology .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erwin H. Ackerknecht : Brief history of psychiatry . Enke, Stuttgart 3 1985, ISBN 3-432-80043-6 ; (a) to Stw. "New vs. old somatism ”p. 36; (b) to the district “Stahl's teaching” p. 36 f.
  2. ^ Scientific service Hoffmann-La Roche: Roche Lexicon Medicine. Special edition by Urban & Fischer von Elsevier, Munich (© Urban & Fischer 2003 - Roche Lexicon Medicine 5th edition) online keyword entry “Solidarpathologie” required.
  3. ↑ Jutta Kollesch , Diethard Nickel : Ancient healing art. Selected texts from the medical writings of the Greeks and Romans. Philipp Reclam jun., Leipzig 1979 (= Reclams Universal Library. Volume 771); 6th edition ibid 1989, ISBN 3-379-00411-1 , p. 15.
  4. ^ Klaus Dörner : Citizens and Irre . On the social history and sociology of science in psychiatry. (1969) Fischer Taschenbuch, Bücher des Wissens, Frankfurt / M 1975, ISBN 3-436-02101-6 ; P. 121 ff.
  5. ^ Wolfgang Eckart, History of Medicine, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1990, ISBN 3-540-51982-3 , pp. 187f.
  6. ^ Section Solidarity Pathology. From Morgagni to Bichat. In: Wolfgang U. Eckart: Illustrated history of medicine. From the French Revolution to the present. Springer 2010, p. 27 [1]