Sophronius Lichud

Monument of the Lichud brothers erected in 2007 in Moscow at the Epiphany Monastery

Sophronius Lichud ( Russian Софроний Лихуд , transcription: Sofroni Lichud ; * 1652 in Kefalonia ; † June 15, 1730 in Solochin ( Ryazan Oblast )) was like his brother Joanniki Lichud a Russian philosopher, logician and rhetorician of Greek origin (see Greek minority in Russia (see Greek minority) ). He is one of the early representatives of the Enlightenment movement in Russia .

The patriarch Konstantinos Leichoudes was an ancestor of Lichud.

Sophronius Lichud was baptized Spiridon in Kefalonia. In 1662 he was sent to Padua and studied there for nine years under Hieromonachos Gerassim Wallach the beautiful sciences , philosophy and Greek-Catholic theology. After completing his studies, the subsequent tonsure and his return home, he worked as a primary school teacher on Kefalonia for four years.

He then traveled through Greek cities until he finally left for Istanbul with his brother to be ordained a Greek Orthodox priest. There the two accepted the offer to pursue their profession in Moscow. They reached Moscow on March 6, 1685 and in the following years they taught the children of the Russian nobility . With generous donations, they were able to have their own school building built in which they taught from 1687. Later known as the Moscow Spiritual Academy, it was the first university in Moscow.

In 1690 Sophronius was banished together with his brother to the Ipatios monastery near Kostroma because of the religious dispute between the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox Church . 15 years later, at the instigation of Tsar Peter I, he was able to return to Moscow and resumed teaching.

He wrote the first textbook of logic in Latin published in Russia. It was essentially based on the syllogisms of Aristotle and the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes . In knowledge, Lichud distinguished three different phases: perception, judgment and conclusion.

Works

• Яснейшее изложение всего логического действования (Clear explanation of all logical operations)
• Философии и реторики (philosophy and rhetoric)

literature

• NI Kondakov: Dictionary of Logic. VEB Bibliographical Institute, Leipzig 1978.
• Philipp Carl Strahl: The learned Russia. Friedrich Fleischer Verlag, Leipzig 1828 ( online ).
• А. О. Чубарьян и други: Школьная энциклопедия «Руссика». История России. 9–17 вв (AO Tschubarjan et al .: School Encyclopedia “Russika”. History of Russia from the 9th to 17th centuries ). Olma Press, Moscow 2003, ISBN 5-94849-302-4 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ray: The learned Russia , p. 317
2. ↑ Kondakow: Dictionary of Logic , p. 277
3. ↑ Чубарьян: Школьная энциклопедия «Руссика» , p. 355