Sphagnum papillosum

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sphagnum papillosum
Sphagnum papillosum

Sphagnum papillosum

Systematics
Class : Sphagnopsida
Order : Sphagnales
Family : Sphagnaceae
Genre : Peat Moss ( Sphagnum )
Section : Sphagnum
Type : Sphagnum papillosum
Scientific name
Sphagnum papillosum
Lindb.

Sphagnum papillosum is a species of peat mossbelonging to the Sphagnum section, which is easily recognizable by its golden brown to brown and short, blunt and densely arranged branches. It is called "warty peat moss" in German-speaking regions.

Identifying features

Almost all specimens of Sphagnum papillosum have papillae in the chlorophyll cells of the branch leaves ; however, some smooth shapes have also been found. They have stem sheets with divided hyaline cells, whereas in the species Sphagnum palustre and Sphagnum centrale, which can be confused, such cells are seldom or not present. The stem is brown and has coiled, reinforcing and visible fibrils with usually 1-2 pores per cell. Comb fibrils are absent from the inner wall. The stem leaves have dimensions of 1.3 × 0.7 mm. The heads are usually not significantly enlarged. The branches are generally short and blunt. They form branch clusters with two sprouting and two to three drooping branches and protruding leaves. The branch trunks have hyaline, non-ornamented cells with mostly one pore. The branch leaves are egg-shaped and measure 1.7 × 1 mm. On the convex upper side are hyaline cells with round to elliptical pores along the attachment. The cell walls of the branch leaves are covered with warts where the hyaline cells overlap chlorophyll cells. The chlorophyll cells themselves are recognizable in the leaf cross-section as trapezoidal to flat-elliptical. They are evenly distributed on both surfaces or less pronounced on the convex upper side. The capsules are provided with numerous column-like cell groups and contain spores with a size of 26 to 36 µm. They are wartier in areas near the surface than in regions further away from the surface. The capsules ripen from mid-summer to late summer.

Systematics

The warty peat moss Sphagnum papillosum is a species of peat moss from the monogeneric family of Sphagnaceae with the genus of peat moss ( Sphagnum ) and its section Sphagnum .

Occurrence

Sphagnum papillosum forms compact carpets in flat bundles. This species of peat moss is found in Europe, China, Japan, Greenland, New Zealand, and northern America. It is very common in nutrient-poor bog habitats and is a causal peat pattern there. In extremely ombrotrophic peat areas and in low and moderately high areas, however, it is rarely or not at all.

use

Peat in general is required as a plant supply material in commercial horticulture and also in private gardening. The peat extraction carried out for these purposes has reached its limits and endangers the continued existence of peat bogs. As an alternative, the suitability of certain types of peat moss and here also Sphagnum papillosum for use in degraded areas and optimized production is being investigated.

Hazards and protective measures

Sphagnum papillosum is endangered by the destruction of habitats. From a global perspective, the World Conservation Union IUCN does not include the species in its Red List of Endangered Species . The Federal Republic of Germany assesses them nationwide as well as their states Thuringia and Rhineland-Palatinate in hazard category 3 as endangered. The state of Saarland describes them as "extinct or lost". Switzerland rates Sphagnum papillosum as potentially endangered (“NT”) in its national Red List of Threatened Species.

At the European level, like all peat mosses, the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive (FFH Directive for short) includes protective measures that can regulate extraction or use (Appendix V) and prescribe the establishment of protected areas (Appendix I). According to German federal law, the species - again like all peat moss - is listed in Appendix 1 of the Federal Species Protection Ordinance - BArtSchV for short - and thus placed under special protection.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Lists of particularly protected plant and fungus species in Thuringia. (No longer available online.) Free State of Thuringia State Institute for Environment and Geology, archived from the original on November 3, 2013 ; Retrieved November 1, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tlug-jena.de
  2. ↑ MATTHIAS KREBS and GRETA GAUDIG: Peat moss (sphagnum) as a renewable raw material - investigations to maximize the productivity of Sphagnum papillosum in the rain bog Ispani 2 (Georgia). (PDF 5.79 kB) (No longer available online.) University of Greifswald Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, November 2005, formerly in the original ; Retrieved April 5, 2010 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.uni-egoswald.de  
  3. ↑ ARTeFAKT types and facts. In: Red Lists and Protection Regulations. Rhineland-Palatinate - State Office for the Environment; Water Management and Labor Inspectorate, accessed April 5, 2010 .
  4. ↑ Online query for “Sphagnum papillosum” in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany and its federal states. science4you, accessed April 5, 2010 .
  5. ↑ Red List of Endangered Species in Switzerland / Mosses. Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, 2004, accessed on April 5, 2010 (search for Sphagnum affine in PDF document).
  6. ↑ List of the species occurring in Germany in Annexes II, IV, V of the Habitats Directive (92/43 / EEC). (PDF 5.17KB) Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, March 29, 2010, accessed on April 4, 2010 .
  7. ↑ Directive 92/43 / EEC (Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive) in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 , accessed on April 5, 2010
  8. ↑ Federal Species Protection Ordinance of the Federal Republic of Germany (BArtSchV). Federal Ministry of Justice, accessed on April 5, 2010 .

Web links

Commons : Sphagnum papillosum  - album with pictures, videos and audio files