Patholinguistics
The Patholinguistics ( ancient Greek πάθος pathos , German , sorry ' ) or speech pathology is one of Günter Peuser 1978 proposed name for a linguistic sub-discipline, which is to cover the entire field of voice, voice and speech disorders from a linguistic perspective.
The subject of patholinguistics is disturbed language, an area in which several disciplines such as neurology , phoniatry , psychology and pedagogy have long been active. Therefore it is possible for patholinguistics to start from the results of these research areas.
One speaks of disturbed language when a communication partner perceives behavior of a speaker or writer (listener or reader) of the same language community that deviates from the norms and varieties of the community.
The aim of patholinguistics is to deal with the entire field of language disorders on the basis of linguistic case descriptions, without prejudice to the respective medical, psychological or educational responsibilities.
From the point of view of patholinguistics, disturbed language includes all disorders of adult and child language such as schizophasia , aphasia , dysarthria , dyslexia , rhinolalia , sigmatism, etc. A distinction is made first of all between disorders of the acquired language (complete or partial loss of the ability to speak the language accordingly using common norms) and language acquisition disorders (inability of a child to speak according to norms). The former, the disorders of language possession, are further differentiated according to the type of cause (organic or non-organic).
Central language disorders
In patholinguistics, a distinction is made between central disorders of language possession and central disorders of language acquisition. These are further divided into organic and non-organic disorders.
Language possession
Organically caused central disorders of language ability include, for example, aphasia, agraphia , dysarthria and language disorders in senile dementia , Alzheimer's disease , multiple sclerosis , Parkinson's and Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome , and epilepsy . Non-organic causes for a central disturbance of language possession are slip of the tongue and linguistic deficits under stress, fatigue or alcohol in healthy people , whereas non-organically justified disorders in sick people are recognizable in psychotic and neurotic language disorders, stuttering , schizophasia , speech disorders in dreams, etc.
Language acquisition
If one examines language disorders in relation to language acquisition, non-organic disorders (e.g. language development delay, primary dyslexia , mutism ) and organically caused disorders (e.g. language development handicap, secondary dyslexia, language disorders in oligophrenia , Down syndrome ) can also be found. differentiate.
Peripheral language disorders
Furthermore, according to Peuser, there are so-called peripheral disorders.
Language possession
Peripheral disorders of language possession are e.g. B. Speech impairment due to acquired hearing loss , after laryngectomy, etc.
Language acquisition
Peripheral disorders of language acquisition are understood to be language development disabilities caused by (congenital) deafness or blindness , rhinolalia , palatolalia .
Example: disruption of the lexemes
This type of disorder is also known as the “ word-finding disorder ”. That is, a speaker tries to cover up a gap that arises in his speech chain with substitute words, trusting that the context sufficiently clarifies what is meant. If no word occurs, the speech is paused briefly in the hope of a kind of self-unblocking or the other person's helpful interjection. Finally, the speaker then fills this pause with explanations or questions. The same strategy can be found with sick speakers.
illustration
Example : A 45-year-old musician suffers from amnestic aphasia after traumatic brain injury
Normal speaker (N): and how was it with your language / when you came to?
-
Aphasic (A): couldn't speak at all /
N: the language was completely / gone /
- A: was ga / was completely gone // the / there / until below was a / everything // how do you say there ...? /
N: They show the right arm and the right leg / that was all / uh / ... //
- A: That wasn't / so / it wasn't better / uh // couldn't move it anymore //
N: everything was paralyzed? /
- A: paralyzed everything / yes /.../
Explanation
The patient works here with a pause, question and a phrase (“couldn't move it” instead of “everything was paralyzed”).
literature
- Stephan von Block: From systems linguistics to patholinguistics. Interdisciplinary integration of application-related research. Peter Lang GmbH European Science Publishing House, Frankfurt am Main 1998.
- Helmut Glück (Ed.), With the collaboration of Friederike Schmöe : Metzler Lexikon Sprache. 3rd, revised edition. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2005, ISBN 3-476-02056-8 .
- André Martinet (Ed.): Linguistics. A manual. JB Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1973.
- Günter Peuser: Patholinguistics. A new area of applied linguistics. In: Christoph Gutknecht (Ed.): Basic concepts and mainstreams in linguistics. 1st edition. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1977, pp. 156–168.
- Günter Peuser: Aphasia. An introduction to patholinguistics . Fink, Munich 1978, ISBN 3-7705-1217-0 , p. 2.
- Günter Peuser, Stefan Winter (Ed.): Applied Linguistics. Basic questions - areas - methods. Bouvier Verlag Herbert Grundmann, Bonn 1981.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Glück (Ed.): Metzler Lexikon Sprach. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 1993, p. 478.
- ^ Günter Peuser: Patholinguistics. A new area of applied linguistics. In: Christoph Gutknecht (Ed.): Basic concepts and mainstreams in linguistics. 1st edition. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1977, p. 156f.
- ^ Günter Peuser: Patholinguistics. A new area of applied linguistics. In: Christoph Gutknecht (Ed.): Basic concepts and mainstreams in linguistics. 1st edition. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1977, p. 156 ff.
- ^ Günter Peuser: Patholinguistics. A new area of applied linguistics. In: Christoph Gutknecht (Ed.): Basic concepts and mainstreams in linguistics. 1st edition. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1977, pp. 160f.