St. Markus (Sießen)

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Parish Church of St. Mark

The Catholic monastery and parish church of St. Markus is a church building belonging to the Sießen monastery in Bad Saulgau in the district of Sigmaringen ( Baden-Württemberg ). The community belongs to the dean's office Saulgau in the diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart .

History and architecture

View of the choir and the side altars
The galleries and the organ

The previous church belonged to the estate of the knight Steinmar von Strahlegg, which the Saulgau Dominicans moved into in 1260. The church was under the patronage of St. Marx (St. Mark). The monastery incorporated the church in 1348. The building was baroque from 1683 to 1685 and received new altars. Today there is a guest house in the former monastery church.

The prioress Maria Josepha Baizin from Riedlingen decided to have a new monastery and church built, the approval given by the provincials P. Balthasar Mayer and P. Andreas Roth. Franz Beer von Au was commissioned to build the new monastery, church and stables in 1716. Zacharias Nussbaumer from Ragenreute was responsible for the carpentry work. The foundation stone for the monastery complex was laid on April 4, 1716. A stay of Dominikus Zimmermann is documented for the period from 1719 to 1722. Presumably he first worked as a plasterer in the summer refectory and was then commissioned to build the church after Franz Beer's death in 1722. It is not known whether Beer had already made plans to build the church. In 1725 the monastery closed a main contract with carpenter for stone masonry, masonry and plastering work and Ihme H. Dominco was given the food as we clergymen enjoy from our table, his ballier also the food, and finally the food for H. Dominici's horse . His brother Johann received 500 florins for his work  . The building was built from 1726 to 1729 according to plans by Dominikus Zimmermann, it is an important testimony to Baroque architecture. Zimmermann was paid in full in 1728 and left the site to build the new church in Steinhausen. The brick masonry vaults in the four bays and in the choir are 14 cm thick and span an area of ​​7 × 10 meters. The choirs of the Dominican Sisters are built one on top of the other, below the glazed winter choir and above, like a tower, the summer choir. The organ is in the background. The altars from the previous church were moved to the new church. The auxiliary bishop Franz Johann Anton von Sirgenstein from Konstanz consecrated the church on May 16, 1733, but the new altars were not yet in place. In line with contemporary tastes, the stucco in the choir arch was knocked off in the 19th century. The structure by pilaster strips on the facade was removed, the stepped spire was replaced by a tent roof. After the Second World War, the aim was to remove the damage caused by the time, to remove all the stylistic inconsistencies of the tasteless 19th century and to restore the original condition. The old layers of paint on the walls were removed and renewed in their original colors. The neo-renaissance style pulpit and altars were demolished. As a substitute, two baroque side altars and a matching pulpit were bought from Altsteusslingen. The figures from the old altars from 1763 were used. A suitable new high altar was not found. The existing one remained in use as a temporary solution. On the simple altar table was the baroque sheet of the high altar by Zehender and the figures from 1762.

Frescoes

Fresco with the handing over of the rosary to St. Dominic

The frescoes were probably painted in the summer of 1729, the one above the summer choir is labeled Joh. Zimmermann pinxit ano 1729 .

The four large and the other small frescoes were painted by Johann Baptist Zimmermann , a brother of the master builder. They have the theme of the Eucharist and illustrate this with representations from the Old and New Testament.

The fresco in the crossing shows St. Dominic in an allegorical representation. Next to the saint is Europe, the figure lying next to it shows Asia and above that America and Africa can be seen. Other continents were not yet known at the time.

Renovation from 2002 to 2003

The architect Gerhard Keppler created the plans according to which the roof was repaired and the vaults repaired. Due to the thrust of the vaults, cracks had formed in the vaults and the walls. As a countermeasure, a tension anchor was installed in the arch between the nave and the choir. Steel girders have been drawn in over the top of the vault, from which the thrusts are diverted. In order to eliminate the insufficient support of the roof feet, laminated beams and round steel were installed in the transept, which absorb the loads from the supports of the roof struts and relieve the masonry. There were also additional structural and constructive measures.

Furnishing

the pulpit
Detail, wrought iron lock on the main portal
  • The organ on the gallery is called Walker op. 416/1882 . The instrument has 19 stops on two manuals and a pedal . Apart from the installation of an electric motor, no more in-depth interventions have been carried out since the installation.
  • From the altars of the previous church are the veil boards of the side altars, a gable, two altar sheets by Matthäus Zehender from 1684 and from the former Thomas altar the altar sheet with the signature Matthae Zehender pinxit 1685
  • The pulpit in the late Rococo style, the two side altars and the new high altar were made between 1762 and 1763. The builders and carvers are not known. Nothing is known about the other furnishings, also in the late rococo style. It was removed during renovation work between 1878 and 1883. The then cathedral vicar Georg Dengler from Regensburg wrote in a traditional report a little derogatory: Altars, pulpit, confessional stands far behind the elegance and beauty of the stucco decoration, is kept in the most tasteless and extravagant Rococo style, so it is likely to reflect the beauty of the The building can no longer be impaired and must be successively replaced by new items . Gradually, a high altar, two side altars and a pulpit in the clumsy neo-renaissance style were installed, the altar leaves and the rococo figures had to give way.

Documentation of the high altars

The altar from 1762

This altar was already in the previous church, it was consecrated in honor of Mark the Evangelist, the Holy Cross and Joseph. In the cafeteria there were relics of various saints. It is not known exactly how it looked.

The altar from 1879

The altarpiece by Matthäus Zehender shows the handing over of the rosary to Domenikus and Steinmar. The altar was kept in the late baroque style. The carpentry master G. Schreiner from Regensburg created the shell in 1879. The setting was made by the Groß company from Regensburg in the church. The consecration was carried out by Bishop Carl Joseph von Hefele on June 11, 1880. The bishop found the altar too high. The altar stood in front of the altar wall, which separated the rear end from the choir. As in an iconostasis, arched niches took up figures. The canopy, supported by four columns, was crowned by a blessing figure of Christ and two angels, who were accompanied by four pinnacles at the corners. The crucifixion group formed the center, it stood above the altar table. The altar was in the church until 1948.

The high altar from 1948

After 1948 the financial means to buy a new altar were lacking, so the altarpiece by Zehender was placed without a frame on a podium above the sacristy, accompanied by six carved figures. The cafeteria was raised to three steps in front of the wall. The tabernacle was kept simple. In the course of the years up to 1984 various artists submitted designs for a new altar, but none of them were realized. Wolfgang Köberl from Innsbruck presented an altar model in February 1985, which was discussed controversially until the end of 1986. The picture of Zehender and the four larger-than-life figures of saints, God the Father and angels, were housed in the new high altar. The cornice is slightly lower than that of the church interior. The concave altar table corresponds with the convex steps and the tabernacle. The cafeteria and tabernacle made of stucco marble are partially gilded. The altarpiece was donated by Johann Georg Gnan in 1684. The rectangular altar panel was originally 2.44 x 3.40 meters. The canvas was later relined and extended to 4.40 meters. In the upper area Mary is enthroned on billowing clouds, Jesus is sitting on her lap. Mary is depicted as the Queen of the Rosary, wearing a scepter and a crown. The dress is red and the coat glows blue. On her right stands St. Mark with the attribute lion. Dominikus kneels in the lower part, behind them Katharina von Siena and on the right knight Steinmar von Strahlegg, as well as his brother Friedrich. The scenery is accompanied by various depictions of angels. The picture was considered lost for a long time and was rediscovered in the attic of the church in 1941. “A long roll was wedged between the floor and the roof, covered over and over with dust and dirt. Improper storage caused major damage to the picture carrier and the paint layer. During the restoration in 1983, errors of the improper restoration attempts from 1941 were corrected, the yellowed varnish removed, damaged areas professionally repaired and partially supplemented. The final varnish contains a wax additive to protect the color. "

Restoration of the figures

The figurines of the high altar were restored and redesigned in 1988. According to the findings, there were three different versions. The beige-tinted glue paint on the heads looked matt. The approach to the skin areas showed shadows. The quills of the wings had a matt gold plating. The sockets had been damaged by the sometimes improper storage. In some cases, additions had already been made earlier, the necessary additional ones were added. The large wings of the angels were not preserved, new ones had to be made. To match the new high altar, the figures were given a polished white setting and poliment gilding. As far as possible, materials based on historical models and old techniques were used. The figures of God the Father, the putti and angels only had small remains of the polished white mount and fragments of the gilding on the wings. The stone chalk primer had hardly any adhesion to the wooden subsurface, the rest of the stone chalk ground was brittle. The remains of the version could not be included in the new version, so it was necessary to expose it down to the wood. A new chalk base was the next step, for this purpose the figures were soaked in glue and given a stone base. The chalk ground was given a smooth structure by grinding and polishing in order to be prepared for a three-time application of polishing white. An agate stone was used for the subsequent polishing. For the gilding, 23 carat gold leaf was shot and also polished.

literature

  • various authors parish church St. Markus Siessen - the new high altar . Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988

Web links

Commons : Klosterkirche Sießen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Membership of the parish
  2. ^ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church St. Markus Siessen - The New High Altar , Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, Printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, p. 18
  3. ^ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church St. Markus Siessen - The New High Altar , Ed. Parish Office St. Markus, Printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, pp. 18-20
  4. ↑ Construction time ( Memento of the original from October 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.klostersiessen.de
  5. ↑ vault (PDF; 1.8 MB)
  6. ^ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church St. Markus Siessen - The New High Altar , Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, Printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, p. 21
  7. ^ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church St. Markus Siessen - The New High Altar , Ed. Parish Office St. Markus, printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, pp. 22-25
  8. ^ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church St. Markus Siessen - The New High Altar , Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, Printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, p. 21
  9. ↑ Renovation (PDF; 1.8 MB)
  10. ↑ Organ ( Memento of the original from October 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 496 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.klostersiessen.de
  11. ^ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church of St. Markus Siessen - The new high altar . Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, p. 18
  12. ↑ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church St. Markus Siessen - The New High Altar , Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, Printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, pp. 21 and 22
  13. ^ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church St. Markus Siessen - The New High Altar , Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, p. 27
  14. ↑ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church St. Markus Siessen - The New High Altar , Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, pp. 29–30
  15. ↑ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church St. Markus Siessen - The New High Altar , Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, p. 47 and 48
  16. ^ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church St. Markus Siessen - The New High Altar , Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, p. 51
  17. ^ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church of St. Markus Siessen - The new high altar. Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, p. 50
  18. ^ Elisabeth Binder-Etter: Parish Church of St. Markus Siessen - The new high altar. Ed. Pfarramt St. Markus, printed by August Sandmeyer and Son, Bad Buchau 1988, pp. 50–52

Coordinates: 47 ° 59 ′ 59.7 "  N , 9 ° 28 ′ 26.5"  E