City park Eisenach

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The city ​​park is a historical landscape park in the city center of Eisenach in Thuringia .

location

The Eisenacher Pflugensberg - state of development and expansion of the city park (1892)

The city park is located east of the old town of Eisenach on the Pflugensberg. To the north, the city park extends to the historic buildings on Waldhausstrasse with the future construction site of the controversial Eisenach major project “Gate to the City” and to Eichrodter Weg at the freight yard. In the south, the city park borders the buildings on Bornstrasse up to the confluence with Alfred-Markwiz-Strasse. The eastern boundary runs from there down through the "Ungeheuren Grund", also known as the "Riesengraben" (an inaccessible wooded gorge with a contained spring) to the freight station.

Stadtparkstraße runs right through the park; the western section was renamed Dr.- Moritz-Mitzenheim- Straße in honor of the first Thuringian regional bishop of the Evangelical Church . The listed Villa Pflugensberg , the associated porter's house, the former Hotel Waldhaus and the listed elevated reservoir of the Eisenach waterworks are located on this street . Stadtparkstraße is closed to public traffic, only cyclists and carriages are allowed to use it.

The city park can be entered via the main entrances on Wartburgallee and Alfred-Markwiz-Straße and via public footpaths on Eichrodter Weg, Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Straße and Waldhausstraße.

layout

Today's park was created from three areas: the wood strip reforested in the 19th century as the "Eisenacher Stadtwald" along the Eichrodter Weg and the Riesengraben forms the eastern section of the park. In the center is the city park designed around 1880 with a playground, lawns and a network of paths. The western area originally belonged to Villa Pflugensberg ("Eichelscher Garten"), it was bought in 1923 by the city administration. At the confluence of Stadtparkstraße and Karthäuserstraße (today Mitzenheimstraße and Wartburgallee) there is a semicircular open space as the entrance to the park, where the Bismarck memorial was located from 1903 to 1963 . This area was redesigned during the general renovation of the city park from 1975–1977 with retaining walls, benches and a paving made of travertine . Today's network of paths in the western part opens up several viewpoints to the old town and still has a few park benches. All retaining walls and the paving of Stadtparkstrasse have been in disrepair for decades.

history

In 1708, the wealthy widow of Lieutenant Colonel von Pflug from Eisenach acquired extensive meadow land on the western slope of the Pflugensberg , which was then still called Goldberg , and which reached as far as the town fortifications at the Felsenkellerturm . In 1719 her son Otto von Pflug bought the old town quarter, known as Lussenhof , by the city wall, on which the Ernst Abbe High School and the neighboring Eisenach brewery are located today . Soon a hatch in the city wall and a wooden footbridge over the city moat connected the two properties, and a two-story garden house was built on a central slope. The Eisenach Duke Johann Wilhelm acquired the garden property in 1725 for 1500 thalers. After the Duke's death, various court officials and Eisenach councilors acquired the property in quick succession.

The south side of the mountain has been used for growing hops since the Middle Ages . The later Bornstrasse developed from a ravine to the Göpelskuppe. The “Himmelsleiter” led to the south slope - a steep footpath with 113 steps to the level of the Pflugensberg, remnants of this path can still be seen on the former Friedrich Wolf Clubhouse. Up to the middle of the 19th century, three sheep cooperatives managed the meadows and pastures in the Eisenacher Flur. The sheep farm on Sandgasse, which once belonged to the Nikolaikloster in Eisenach, had the right to access the eastern corridor as far as the area and the Weinstrasse. After 1830 these shepherd families were forced to cede the area of ​​the Pflugensberg, the first reforestation for an Eisenach city forest took place on the south side of the Pflugensberg.

Since the Middle Ages, there have been numerous sunken paths on the north side of the Pflugensberg, which are widely spread across the slope. They are the remains of the old traffic routes to the neighboring towns of Ruhla , Schmalkalden and Meiningen . Until 1805, the highly visible place of the Eisenacher Hochgericht was on this route, today a ground monument in the city park. The gallows hill was mentioned as "Monte Patibuli" in the medieval documents on the legal history of Eisenach and was first mentioned in 1572 with the German name "Galgenberg", which was derisively renamed as "Goldberg" by the vernacular.

The network of paths in a city map from 1900

The Eisenach industrialist and patron Friedrich Eduard von Eichel-Streiber acquired the western part of the Pflugensberg with the Pflug's garden house at the end of the 1830s. His goal was initially to create a private garden in the Biedermeier style there. On his behalf, Eduard Petzold redesigned the area into a landscape garden between 1841 and 1844. At the same time, reforestation was carried out in the eastern part and a cherry plantation was created.

With the advancing industrialization in Eisenach after 1870, two larger factories were built in the immediate vicinity: the Eisenacher brewery and the chemical and paint factory Arzberger, Schöpf and Co. in Bahnhofstrasse.

In 1874 the city of Eisenach commissioned an eight kilometer long drinking water pipeline to Farnroda . The elevated tank was built on the Pflugensberg with a capacity of 740 m³. The up to 9-inch-thick cast-iron water pipes supplied the 14 km pipe network in the old town of Eisenach.

View of the southern Pflugensberg around 1900

Thanks to these favorable conditions, a building boom set in on the Pflugensberg. In 1892 a wealthy restaurateur from Eisenach opened the Hotel Waldhaus , and the city administration approved the development of villa properties along Bornstrasse and across from the brewery.

Between 1890 and 1892 the palace-like Villa Pflugensberg was built on behalf of the industrialist Friedrich Eduard von Eichel-Streiber. After 1900, further functional and farm buildings were built in addition to the villa: the administration building known as the “Rentamt” in Bornstrasse, today Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Strasse, was at the southern entrance to the property. Behind it there was a nursery with greenhouses and hotbeds as well as the riding stables on the site of the former Pflug's garden house. In the eastern part of the property was the rose garden and a tennis court. The main access to the property was via today's Dr.-Moritz-Mitzenheim-Straße. There was another residential building for the property management. At the same time, Eichelsche Park was redesigned by the royal Saxon garden director Max Bertram . In addition to the large trees that already existed, Bertram created a combination of carpet beds and an irrigation system with a connection to the nearby elevated reservoir of the Eisenach waterworks. Bertram also reports extensively on his Eisenach projects in his textbook on garden art. The property was completely fenced in in accordance with the municipal statutes and along today's Wartburgallee (at that time it was planned as Karthäuserstraße) by a head-high clinker stone wall. In 1903 a monument in honor of Otto von Bismarck was consecrated at the entrance to the city park .

Friedrich Georg von Eichel-Streiber, the heir of the builder who died in 1905, had to sell the Landhaus Pflugensberg after the First World War , as the enormous expenses for maintaining the building and maintaining the park could not be financed. Initially, the villa came into the possession of the city of Eisenach, before it was taken over by the Thuringian regional church as the administrative seat on April 1, 1920. The Eisenach city administration use the multiple changes of ownership to regulate the access rights and usage rights in the public interest. The visitors of the city park could now use the path network of the Eichelschen park area right up to the villa for walks. In return, the paths in question were now maintained by the municipal garden department.

During the Second World War , potato fields were planted in the meadows next to the villa to support needy community members. During several air raids, the area of ​​the Reichsbahn with the main and freight station was shelled, and surrounding buildings and the city park were also hit. In the summer of 1945 Moritz Mitzenheim took over the official business on the Pflugensberg as the first bishop of the Thuringian regional church. The administration was instructed to keep occasional tourists away from the core area around the villa in order not to disturb the work of the administration staff, registered visitors were always welcome.

The Bismarck monument was dismantled in 1945 and the remains of the base were completely removed by 1963. In the early 1970s, the Eisenach city architect was commissioned to work out plans to modernize the city park. An open-air stage with a summer cinema and snack bar and an open-air swimming pool in the eastern part of the city park were planned, and a viewing terrace with a restaurant was to be built directly above the Eisenacher brewery on the site of the former market garden. The plans also provided for the redesign of the monument site on Wartburgallee and a reduction in the network of paths. Most of the ideas could not be implemented after checking the local conditions (disturbing noise from the nearby freight station, foul-smelling exhaust air and fumes from the brewery's brewhouse, etc.). Around 1980, several storms streaked the Eisenach area and also caused serious damage to the historic tree population in the city park. The park and green areas department of the VEB Eisenacher Stadtwirtschaft was given the task of procuring suitable woody plants and trees for the replacement plantings. The area designed as an adventure playground also had to be partially renewed. In order to actively beautify the cityscape, more than 100 committed citizens from the Wartburg city registered with the city administration in the early 1980s to set up volunteer care brigades.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 2001, a park maintenance concept was drawn up based on aspects of garden history and monument preservation. If it were implemented, the park would largely return to its original state. For financial reasons, this concept has so far not been implemented, with the exception of individual measures such as clearing historical lines of sight. As a result, large parts of the park are currently (2016) in a desolate state; For example, the retaining walls facing Mitzenheimstrasse have partially collapsed, paths have been severely washed out and parts of the park have been covered with bushes or forests.

gallery

  • Bismarck monument at the entrance to the city park (around 1905)

  • The western entrance around 1900 - before the Bismarck monument was built

  • Entrance to the city park 2011 (camera position as in 1900)

  • Mowing work in the city park (around 1900)

  • Same camera position - today a clearing in the park (2011)

  • Moritz-Mitzenheim-Strasse in the park with defective retaining wall (2011)

  • Partial view from Petersberg

Web links

Commons : Stadtpark Eisenach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernd Mähler: Parks in and around Eisenach . In: Stadtverwaltung Eisenach, Eisenacher Tourismus Information (Hrsg.): Eisenach Information . Eisenach November 1981, p. 2-4 .
  2. ↑ ISENACENSIS: The garden house on Pflugensberg . In: Eisenacher Zeitung from October 17th . Eisenach 1941.
  3. ^ A b Heinrich Weigel, Gerd Bergmann: The Eisenacher city park . In: Stadtverwaltung Eisenach, Eisenacher Tourismus Information (Hrsg.): Eisenach Information . Eisenach May 1987, p. 2-6 .
  4. ^ Heinrich Weigel: A monument was erected with the city park . Last director of the Eisenach forestry school. In: Mitteldeutsche Allgemeine (local edition Eisenach) . Kassel November 11, 1990.
  5. ↑ Bernd Mähler Heinrich Weigel: Gardens, parks and park-like valleys and forest areas in the Eisenach district . Eisenach writings on local history Eisenach, 1985
  6. ↑ a b c d H.-P. Hübner, G. Schmidt (ed.): Country house and regional church on the Pflugensberg . Wartburg Verlag, Weimar 2006, ISBN 978-3-86160-185-2 .
  7. ^ Ziegler: Water supply, sewerage and bathing establishments in Eisenach . In: In memory of the 55th meeting of German naturalists and doctors in Eisenach (September 18-21, 1882) . Hof-Buchdruckerei, Weimar 1882, p. 130-136 .
  8. ↑ Max Bertram: The technique of garden art. A guide for horticulturalists and as a textbook in horticultural schools . Wilhelm Ernst & Son, Berlin 1902, p. 112 .
  9. ↑ Reinhold Brunner, That was the 20th century in Eisenach, Wartberg Verlag 2000, ISBN 978-3-86134-970-9 , page 7
  10. ^ City council Köhler: Eisenach - a green city (a balance sheet) . In: Stadtverwaltung Eisenach, Eisenacher Tourismus Information (Hrsg.): Eisenach Information . Eisenach August 1986, p. 1-5 .
  11. ^ Herlind Reiss: City of Eisenach. Villas and country houses at the foot of the Wartburg . In: Thuringian State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology (Ed.): Monument topography BRD. Cultural monuments in Thuringia . tape 2.1 . E. Reinhold-Verlag, Altenburg 2006, p. 037-044 . ISBN 978-3-937940-24-3

Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 25 "  N , 10 ° 19 ′ 41.6"  E