Starowa Góra
Starowa Góra is a village in the Rzgów municipality in the Łódz Voivodeship in Poland .
Names
The place was newly laid out as a colony in the Pabianice domain office , Kalischer Kammerdepartement, in the South Prussian period and was given the name Effingshausen. It was named after a group of Württemberg emigrants from the parish of Öfingen .
In August 1820 the village was given the official Polish name Starowa Góra. It belonged to the Gospodarz municipality in the Łask district .
On April 1, 1940, the Nazi authorities from Starowa Góra, Chojny and Nowe Górki formed the Effingshausen district of the city of Lodsch . This district, which existed from 1940 to 1945, is therefore not identical to the historic village of Effingshausen, which as a street village in the newly formed district followed the course of Kiebitzstrasse (today: ulica Centralna ).
history
“As a rule, the chambers gave a brief justification for the choice of location in their first report on a planned new facility. Effinghausen came to the forest area between Rzgów and Chojny because it was badly preserved with wood and was exposed to numerous wood defraudations because of its proximity to the town of Rzgów. "
In 1800 the colonist houses in the Rzgów forest were built along a straight road, initially only on the north side, so that the colonists found their land as a narrow strip of land behind the courtyard on the one hand, and across the street on the other. By dividing the first three places, three courtyards were added on the south side of the street. Each farm consisted of a residential building, a stable and a barn. All buildings were built in half-timbered construction and covered with straw according to the specifications of the Prussian authorities. The locally felled spruce wood was used as building material. A full colonist station had an enterprise size of 15.32 hectares, half a colonist station 7.66 hectares and a cottager station 1.21 hectares. The colony also included a school and prayer house and a cemetery.
In 1827 Starowa Góra (Kalisz Voivodeship, Piotrków District, Piotrków District) had 62 houses and 271 residents.
The Starowa Góra school was attended by 32 boys and 34 girls in 1867.
Statistics give the following dates for 1881:
- Number of fire pits: 40
- Number of inhabitants: men 156; Women 204
- Area: 702 acres in total; Farmland 566 acres
- Owners: the owners
On August 15, 1907, bandits armed with revolvers attacked the farm of the colonist Fromberg, shot the 72-year-old owner and locked the family members in the cellar. With the stolen money, they made off unrecognized. (Rozwoj, Aug 16, 1907)
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There is a map from the time of the First World War, from which the following details can be found: Starowa Góra had 24 houses, 20 of them on the north side of the village street and 4 on the south side. Almost all of them faced the street on the eaves side. The outbuildings are not shown on this map. The various drainage ditches that crisscrossed the originally marshy terrain are clearly visible, one of which cut the village street at a right angle. A footpath to Rzgów, which later no longer existed, ran roughly parallel to this.
The residents of Starowa Góra were directly affected by the so-called Battle of Rzgów in November 1914. They spent the night in their cellars while the houses fought.
“The German soldiers who held the heights visited the village many times during the fighting days. They went shopping here, set up bakeries and had a lot of traffic with the villagers. On the night of the Russian assault they [the civilians] were disturbed by the furious stapling of the machine guns ...
The first Russians appeared at dawn. A farmer said: When I stepped into the courtyard, I saw four Russian soldiers by the scrub, waving to me and quietly asking whether Germanzy were still here. I said no. They came out and entered my house. My family members spoke in German. One of the soldiers asked whether we were Germans. When I answered in the affirmative, they identified themselves as German colonists from the Ssamara governorate . After they warmed up and we fed them bread and tea, they left. After a while they came back and brought a wounded German soldier with them. One of the German Russians was also wounded. He expressed the wish to stay with me; the others went away with the captured German. ...
The people of Effingshausen had bad relations with the German warriors. The very next day the mob in the city came with Russian soldiers looking for hidden German soldiers and supplies. The potato cellars were broken into and the existing supplies handed over to the mob. When the owners did not want to condone the robbery in silence, they were threatened with foul language. "
After the end of the war, the appearance of the village changed. Many young people from Starowa Góra worked in Łódz or in Ruda Pabianicka . New houses were built in the village to meet their needs; the agriculturally used area decreased considerably as a result.
On September 1, 1928, the Wölfle family's farm in Starowa Góra burned down for unknown reasons. The stables, cowshed and shed were destroyed to the ground. (Łódzki Echo Wieczorne, Sept. 2, 1928)
On September 16, 1928, the Starowa Góra Volunteer Fire Brigade was founded in Edward Łaporta's hall, initially with eleven members. (Hasło Łódzkie, Sept. 24, 1928)
Church affiliation
Starowa Góra belonged to the Catholic parish of Rzgów, and in the early years the Catholic priest of Rzgów also took over all official acts for the Protestant residents.
The plans for a Protestant parish in the region made difficult progress. In particular, the residents of Starowa Góra were reluctant to use Pabianice as a place of pastorate and church. They tried to establish their own village as a parish. Since 1827 Starowa Góra belonged to the evangelical parish Pabianice, and the inhabitants visited the evangelical church there. Devotions and special services were held in the village prayer house.
Between 1868 and 1869 a Baptist congregation Łódz-Effingshausen was founded, which in 1870 had over 100 members. The Effingshausen Baptists built their own prayer room on Rzgowska Street in 1896.
literature
- Martin Schiewe: The South Prussian Colonies 1802–1806 , in: Old Prussian Gender Studies, Hamburg 2000
- Albert Breyer : More than 100 years old documents on the marriage register of the Protestant parish Pabianice , in: Freie Presse Lodz 1938, No. 93, 100, 114, 121, 128, 149, 156/157, 163, 191, 198, 205.
- Erwin Kiss: Pabianitz. History of the Germanness of a Central Polish City and its Surroundings , Poznań 1939.
- Eduard Kneifel : History of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland , Winsen / Luhe 1964.
- Otto Heike: 150 years of Swabian settlements in Poland 1795–1945 , Mönchengladbach 1991.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Eugen Oskar Kossmann: The beginnings of Germanness in the Litzmannstadt area. Hauländer and Swabian settlements in the eastern Wartheland . Leipzig 1942, p. 171-172 .
- ↑ Tabela Miast, Wsi, Osad, Królestwo Polskiego . Warszawa 1827.
- ^ EH Busch: Contributions to the history of the church and school system of the Evangelical Augsburg. Municipalities in the Kingdom of Poland . St. Petersburg / Leipzig 1867, p. 161 .
- ^ Maksymilian Baruch: Wykaz statystyczny miejszowości w granicach dawnych dóbr kapitulnych . In: Pabianice, Rzgów i wsie okoliczne . Warszawa 1903.
- ^ Sheet E 35 Pabianice 1: 100,000 . In: Cartographic Department of the Royal. Prussia. Land recording (ed.): Map of western Russia . 1914.
- ^ Adolf Eichler: The battle at Rzgów . In: Yearbook of the German Association for Łódz and the surrounding area . 1917.
- ^ Otto Heike: Swabian colonies . S. 107 .
- ↑ Alexander Hoefig: The Pabianicer church system . In: Neue Lodzer Zeitung . March 31, 1935.
- ↑ Commemorative publication on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Łódz Baptist congregation, Nawrotstr. 27 . Łódz 1928.