Strättligen (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the barons of Strättligen

The barons of Strättligen were a noble family from Strättligen .

history

The barons of Strättligen were first mentioned in 1175 with Henricus de Stretelingen as part of the entourage of the Dukes of Zähringen . Their mention in the chronicle of Conrad Justinger as a descendant of the Burgundian royal family could not be proven. It can also be assumed that the Strättligers are not an original noble family from the Oberland. In Eastern Switzerland around Lake Zurich, family ties to the Nobiles of Rapperswil , Vaz , Bäbingen and Wädenswil have been proven, among whom they represented one of several noble clans in a supraregional leadership group. At the time of 1175, however, they already belonged to the aristocratic landscape of the Bernese Oberland belonging to and dependent on the Zähringers, as the document from 1175 in which they are named as witnesses of the dukes proves. This shift in rule, as can also be observed in those of Wädenswil, could be interpreted as the perception of new opportunities after a possible loss of power on Lake Zurich. Their supposed ancestral seat, the Strättligburg , near the village of Strättligen on the right side of the old river bed of the Kander , was never mentioned as such. Nevertheless, it can be assumed that the Strättliger were in possession of this eponymous rule. The barons of Strättligen were wealthy on the left bank of Lake Thun and in the Niedersimmental and owned a few small imperial fiefs in this region. Several representatives of the family called themselves Vogt (advocatus) von Strättligen. An unusual title for the 13th century unless it is tied to a court or a castvogtei . In addition to the barons of Strättligen, only the neighboring barons of Wädenswil and Brienz-Ringgenberg held this title in German-speaking Switzerland without a tangible bailiwick. This title could have been used by all three free noble families to delimit their class from aspiring unfree nobles ( ministerials ) and could possibly refer to old imperial rights that were given to these noble families by the Zahringer and after their extinction by the Hohenstaufen kings . This class demarcation is also visible in the marriage policy of the barons. In the marriage relationship, the barons always chose descendants of the same or higher free nobility for their children. Only the marriage relationships with the wealthy Münzer and von Bubenberg families in town are an exception, but economically they were not a bad match. From 1326 at the latest, properties in the Obersimmental can also be found. This is probably also an expression of the close relationships with the Counts of Gruyères . The dominions of Laubegg and Mannenberg with Zweisimmen , the latter being an imperial fief . In the 13th century Savoy and Vaud nobles drove to the English royal court under Henry III. and his son Eduard I , including Johannes von Strättligen , called Rousselet. His descendants acquired property under the name Stradling , mainly in south Wales and south-west England, and belonged to the gentry . In Wales the main line belonged to St Donat's Castle until 1738 .

After the dukes of Zähringen died out, the barons of Strättligen initially appeared under the Hohenstaufen kings. From the middle of the 13th century they can be found in the entourage of the Counts of Kyburg . With this creeping dying family, the Strättligers switched to the side of the Counts of Savoy in 1260 . When the last representative of the Counts of Kyburg died in 1264, a battle broke out between the Counts of Savoy and Habsburg for their inheritance. In 1266 the barons of Strättligen recognized the precedence of the Counts of Savoy, which extended to Bern. In the following decades, the House of Habsburg began to expand its influence in the Oberland again, so that in 1290 Spiez Castle was open to Habsburg followers and from 1313 onwards it was in the hands of the barons as a Habsburg fief. However, one cannot speak of Habsburg rule. The barons of Strättligen succeeded again and again not to commit themselves too strongly to one party, which probably guaranteed their independence as a noble family.

Representation of the minstrel Heinrich von Stretelingen dancing in the Codex Manesse

An expression of the courtly way of life of the Barons von Strättligen is the mention in the Codex Manesse with three songs and a depiction of the minstrel Heinrich von Stretelingen . It is not clear whether the minstrel is Heinrich II von Strättligen or his son Heinrich III. is about Strättligen.

In the Gümmenenkrieg in 1332, the Bernese destroyed Strättligen Castle, probably due to the relationship between the barons and the Counts of Neu-Kyburg . The 1330s represented the creeping decline of the barons. Regardless of the destroyed castle, the expensive, courtly lifestyle, the traditional income, where there was no promotion of markets and cities or the intensification of their own rule, as well as the extinction in the male line, were reasons for the decline of the In 1336 the Simmental lordships of Laubegg and Mannenberg were sold to the Count of Greyerz, and in 1338 the lordship of Spiez was sold to the von Bubenberg family. Both families were related by marriage to the Strättligers. Various smaller areas were bequeathed to the Interlaken monastery, where the daughters of the last Strättliger were housed as convent sisters. In 1594 the rule of Strättligen came to the city of Bern, after it had previously been in the hands of city citizens from Thun and Bern and lower aristocratic families. In 1349, Johann IV. Von Strättligen, the last male representative died, and in 1401, Anna von Strättligen, the last female representative of the von Strättligen family.

people

  1. Henricus de Stretelingen, follower of the Zähringer, around 1175
    1. Johann von Strättligen, follower of Friedrich II , (around 1220/1223)
      1. Rudolf I von Strättligen (before 1257-after 1277), Vogt von Wimmis, brother of Heinrich II.
      2. Heinrich II. Von Strättligen (adult 1250–1263), minstrel (Henrich von Stretlingen), lord of Spiez , brother of Rudolf I.
        1. Henry III. von Strättligen (adult 1258–1294), Lord von Spiez , Vogt von Strättligen, Junker, minstrel (Henrich von Stretlingen), son of Heinrich II.
          1. Rudolf II of Strättligen,
            1. Heinrich IV. Von Strättligen (1312 – approx. 1347), Imperial Bailiff von Mannenberg , Lord von Laubegg , ∞ Marmetta von Gruyères
            2. Ulrich von Strättligen, clergyman in Spiez
          2. Johann IV. Von Strättligen, knight (1302–1349), last male representative of the sex, Herr von Spiez
            1. Heinrich von Strättligen, Junker († approx. 1338), son of Johann IV. Herr von Spiez , ∞ Margreth von Bubenberg
            2. Agnes von Strättligen, convent sister in the Interlaken convent , daughter of Johann IV.
            3. Anna von Strättligen, convent sister in Interlaken convent , daughter of Johann IV.
            4. Margaretha von Strättligen, convent sister in Interlaken monastery , daughter of Johann IV.
        2. Johann III. von Strättligen , moved to England with Otto von Grandson around 1263/1265
          1. Descendants as the Stradling family until the 18th century

literature

  • Wolfgang Friedrich von Mülinen: The Lords of Strätlingen . Establishment of the general history research society of Switzerland. Bern 1905.
  • Ernst Schweikert: The German, noble families of the Bernese Oberland up to the middle of the 14th century . A contribution to the history of the development of the stands in the Middle Ages. P. Hauptmann'sche Buchdruckerei, Bonn 1911 (dissertation Bonn).
  • Thomas Heim: The Strättliger Chronik - Insights into the Bernese pilgrimage . In: Bern journal for history . 71st volume, issue 3, 2009, ISSN  1663-7941 , p. 1 to 56 ( bezg.ch [PDF; accessed on October 21, 2009] based on a licentiate thesis in the subject of church history, Department for Christian Catholic Theology of the Theological Faculty of the University of Bern 2008).
  • Ludmilla and Ernst Friedrich Räuber-von Steiger: Dynasties and castles in the Bernese Oberland . Bern 1936.
  • Peter Niederhäuser: Between Empire and Region - The Lords of Strättligen . In: Bern journal for history . 75th year, issue 2. Bern 2013, p. 33 to 50 ( e-periodica.ch [accessed February 11, 2020]).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schweikert 1911, p. 17.
  2. ↑ Christian Hesse: strategies of survival. Challenges for the lower nobility in the 13th / 14th centuries Century. In: Christian Hesse and Annelies Hüssy (eds.): Noble self-assertion and courtly representation. The barons of Strättligen. Here + now. Verlag für Kultur und Geschichte, Baden 2013. Page 22.
  3. ↑ Christian Hesse and Annelies Hüssy: Noble self-assertion and courtly representation. The barons of Strättligen. In: Bern journal for history. BEZG office, 2013, pp. 9–12 , accessed on March 23, 2019 (issue No. 2/2013, volume 75).
  4. ↑ Christian Hesse: strategies of survival. Challenges for the lower nobility in the 13th / 14th centuries Century. In: Bern journal for history. BEZG office, 2013, pp. 13–32 , accessed on March 23, 2019 (issue No. 2/2013, volume 75).
  5. ↑ Rudolf von Strättligen, with the consent of his brother Heinrich, sells his estate at Nieder-Gurzelen to the provost of Interlaken for 34 marks with half the patronage right and the bailiwick of the Nieder-Gurzelen church. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
  6. ^ Michael Bärmann: Henrich von Stretlingen. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland HLS. 2006, accessed February 11, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Rudolf von Strättligen, with the consent of his brother Heinrich, sells his estate at Nieder-Gurzelen to the provost of Interlaken for 34 marks with half the patronage right and the bailiwick of the Nieder-Gurzelen church. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
  8. ^ Michael Bärmann: Henrich von Stretlingen. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland HLS. 2006, accessed February 11, 2020 .
  9. ↑ HA Spiez Duke Albrecht of Austria transfers the castle Spiez with people and property and with all rights and uses to fiefs to the knight Johann von Strättligen, his son Heinrich and Johann's brother sons Heinrich and Ulrich., 1327.06.25 (archive unit). Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
  10. ↑ HA Spiez Duke Albrecht of Austria transfers the castle Spiez with people and property and with all rights and uses to fiefs to the knight Johann von Strättligen, his son Heinrich and Johann's brother sons Heinrich and Ulrich., 1327.06.25 (archive unit). Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
  11. ^ Peter Niederhäuser: Between Empire and Region. The Lords of Strättligen. In: Bern journal for history. BEZG office, 2013, pp. 33–50 , accessed on March 23, 2019 (issue No. 2/2013, volume 75).
  12. ↑ HA Spiez Duke Albrecht of Austria transfers the castle Spiez with people and property and with all rights and uses to fiefs to the knight Johann von Strättligen, his son Heinrich and Johann's brother sons Heinrich and Ulrich., 1327.06.25 (archive unit). Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
  13. ↑ Baron Johannes von Strättligen donated the property, called "an Stoffelberg", located in the Leissigen church, to the two convents of the Interlaken monastery, but he kept himself and his daughters Agnes, Anna and Greda (Margaretha), convent sisters in Interlaken , part of the yield as a personal asset. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
  14. ↑ Baron Johannes von Strättligen donated the property, called "an Stoffelberg", located in the Leissigen church, to the two convents of the Interlaken monastery, but he kept himself and his daughters Agnes, Anna and Greda (Margaretha), convent sisters in Interlaken , part of the yield as a personal asset. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Baron Johannes von Strättligen donated the property, called "an Stoffelberg", located in the Leissigen church, to the two convents of the Interlaken monastery, but he kept himself and his daughters Agnes, Anna and Greda (Margaretha), convent sisters in Interlaken , part of the yield as a personal asset. Retrieved February 11, 2020 .
  16. ↑ Franziska Hälg-Steffen: Strättligen, from. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland HLS. 2013, accessed February 11, 2020 .
  17. ↑ Franziska Hälg-Steffen: Strättligen, from. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland HLS. 2013, accessed February 11, 2020 .