Gümmenenkrieg
| date | 1331 to 1333 |
|---|---|
| place | Canton Bern |
| output | Bern victory |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
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The Gümmenenkrieg (1331-1333) was the second major military conflict between the city of Bern and the then Habsburg city of Freiburg .
prehistory
This conflict was preceded by the Battle of Dornbühl in 1298. The Habsburgs and Neu-Kyburgers were opposed to the expansion efforts of the Aare city, which expanded their territory purposefully through land purchase and political actions, which was at the expense of the surrounding Habsburg-minded western Swiss and Oberland nobility and the city of Friborg, which was founded by the Zähringers like Bern . After the Zähringers died out in 1218, it was now a question of dominance in Burgundy . In 1324, 26 years after the Battle of Dornbühl, Bern bought the Laupen bridgehead , an important crossing point in the Sense and Saane area , which became a threat to Freiburg.
course
In 1331 Freiburg, together with the barons of Weissenburg , Greyerz and Thurn, besieged Mülenen Castle in the Kandertal , which was pledged to Bern. The Bernese sent an army and terrified the castle.
With the help of Solothurn , Biel , Murten and other allies, they then moved against the Freiburg castle Gümmenen (today's municipality of Mühleberg ), which Freiburg had bought in 1319. Gümmenen was also a scythe crossing and also a threat to Bern. After a successful siege, they destroyed the castle and the associated Mauss settlement.
Many villages in the region have been looted and devastated. With Solothurn together conquered Bern 1332 Kyburgs castle keep to their rule a larger territory belonged, namely the region between Aeschi and Kriegstetten with Derendingen and the exclave Steinhof .
consequences
In 1333 Queen Agnes brokered a peace between the parties. Gümmenen himself stayed with Freiburg. However, the Gümmenenkrieg made it possible for Bern to expand its territory into the Oberland and to take action against the barons of Weissenburg in the Weissenburg War in 1334 .
The peace did not last long, just six years later the decisive battle at Laupen (Laupenkrieg) took place, which Bern established in the region. Due to external pressure, however, the city was almost forced to enter into the perpetual alliance with the Confederates in 1353 , which had been preceded by a temporary one in 1323. The dispute escalated again in 1447–1448 in the Freiburg War .