Zampogna

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Duo with Zampogna a chiave and Ciaramella
Zampogna romana alla serrese played in San Rocco in Pazzano (RC)

The Zampogna [dzamˈpoɲɲa] (plural Zampogne ) is an Italian bagpipe . Their tone is produced by single or double reeds and their polyphonic playing can be heard to this day in central and southern Italy. The term zampogna describes both individual forms of the instrument and a whole class of bagpipes, to which the surdulina also belongs. The prehistory of the Zampogna goes back as far as that of the Launeddas , the triple reed pipes in Sardinia .

In some areas the Zampogna le ciarammelle (northeastern Lazio : Alta Sabina) or i ciarameddi ( Calabria , Sicily ) is called (cf. Ciaramella ). Other bagpipe shapes common in Italy include: Müsa , Baghèt , Karamunxia and Cornette .

Zampogna a due bocche ("Zampogna with two mouths") was the name of a one-piece double flute .

Design

The Zampogna is the largest bagpipe with a length of up to 120 cm. It has two melody pipes with a conical inner bore and one to four drone pipes . All pipes are held in a wooden holder and attached to the airbag, which consists of the tanned bellows of a goat.

There are the following forms:

  • Zampogna a chiave ("Zampogna with flap"): One of the (different lengths) melody pipes with double reeds has a flap. A modernized form is called zampogna a chiave modificata .
  • Zampogna a paro (“Zampogna arranged in pairs”): All pipes (melody and drone pipes) are of the same length and can have single or double reeds.
  • Zampogna zoppa ("limping Zampogna"): It has chanter of different lengths with double reeds and one or two drones.
  • Surdulina : Has single reeds and two or three drones.

Style of play

Despite its elaborate construction, the tone of the Zampogna is soft and melodious. It is played alone or with a tamburello , organetto or ciaramella - also in a trio or in larger formations, the so-called bandas .

The original roots of the suonatori ("players / musicians") in the pastoral milieu have largely faded. Today the Zampogne are played at dance and at Christmas. They are also used in worship where they accompany the chant.

literature

  • Christian Poché: Dictionnaire des musiques et danses traditionnelles de la Méditerranée , Fayard, 2005.

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