Zvezda TschN16 / 17

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Zvezda
42TschNSP16 / 17

42TschNSP16 / 17
TschN16 / 17
Production period: 1960s to today
Manufacturer: Zvezda
Working principle: diesel
Motor design: In-line radial engine
Valve control: OHC valve control
Displacement: 143,558 to 191,411 cm 3
Mixture preparation: Direct injection
Engine charging: Turbocharging
Cooling system: Water cooling
Lubrication system: Dry sump lubrication
Power: 1840-3960 kW
Previous model: none
Successor: none

The engines of the type family TschN16 / 17 ( Russian ЧН16 / 17 ) are supercharged in-line star four-stroke diesel engines designed as marine engines and manufactured by the Zvezda machine factory in Saint Petersburg (full Russian name: Ленинградский машиностроительный в , transcribed Leningradsky maschinostroitelny zavod «Zvezda » imeni K. E. Voroshilova ) were built. Six in-line engines with 42 cylinders, eight in-line engines with 56 cylinders and twin engines consisting of two 56-cylinder engines that work on the same gearbox were built. The power spectrum of this engine family ranges from 1.8 to 4 MW or 7.4 MW as a double engine.

The engines were used in various Soviet warships, including in the 1960s and 1970s in Osa high-speed boats (types Zvezda M504A and Zvezda M520 ) and in the 1980s in corvettes of the Parchim class (type Zvezda M504A). Two twin M507A-2D engines have been used in each of the fast project 21820 landing craft since 2006.

technology

The engines are high - speed four - stroke diesel engines with OHC valve control , dry sump lubrication and water cooling in a star design . Characteristic are the seven cylinders per star with an angle of 51.43 ° to one another as well as the cylinder bore of 160 mm and the piston stroke of 170 mm. This results in a displacement of 143.6 l for the 42-cylinder version and 191.4 l for the 56-cylinder version.

Crankcase and cylinder banks

The individual stars are attached to one another with fitting screws. Each star consists of a section of cast steel crankcase to which the seven aluminum cylinder blocks are screwed. The cylinders have liners. The pistons are also made and forged from an aluminum alloy. They have two compression rings, two or three oil control rings, depending on the engine version, and a floating piston pin. The engine has a main connecting rod for each star , to which the other six connecting rods are linked . The crankshaft is made of steel and is mounted in roller bearings in the crankcase, the number of bearings is 7 for six-row engines and 9 for eight-row engines, the thrust bearing locks the crankshaft in the axial direction.

Engine drive

In each cylinder head there is a camshaft that actuates two hanging inlet and outlet valves via roller rocker arms. The camshafts are driven by the crankshaft via a vertical shaft and straight-toothed ring gears per cylinder bank. The camshaft also drives the injection pumps . The fuel is injected directly, the combustion chamber in the piston is hyperboloid-shaped . There is also a decompression device for starting the engine to reduce the resistance when cranking the engine; the engine is started with compressed air.

Reverse gear and loader

In marine engines of this type family, a hydraulically switched reversing gear is flanged to the power take-off side of the engine. It enables the positions "forward", "backward" and "idle". In this way, the ship can change direction quickly and easily. A device for direct reversal of the engine would turn out to be very complicated with the complex valve train of this engine series.

On the opposite side of the engine there is an exhaust gas turbocharger , which in the lower speed and power range can also be driven by the engine's crankshaft via three hydrodynamic clutches, since in these operating ranges the exhaust gas energy is insufficient to bring the large turbocharger to the required speed bring. At high engine speeds and the associated high output, the exhaust gas temperature and exhaust gas quantity are sufficient to drive the turbocharger exclusively through its exhaust gas turbine.

Lubrication system

The lubricating oil is sucked in from the preheatable circulation tank by the pressure pump and pumped to the main oil line of the engine for lubrication via a control filter housed in the engine unit. The oil is discharged from the engine through a collector located in the fork of the 1st and 7th cylinder bank to the oil sump of the reversing clutch housing. In these, the oil is also pumped out of the two lower cylinder banks and the housing of the gearbox by special oil suction pumps. The oil is sucked out of the oil sump and pumped back into the circulation tank via a separately installed switchable double oil filter and a cooler.

Like the fresh water cooler, the lubricating oil cooler is cooled by seawater. A thermostat control unit is available directly on the cooler to regulate the lubricating oil cooler function. Only one of the double lube oil filters is in operating mode. If necessary, you can switch to the other filter during operation. After the engine has been switched off, the remaining lubricating oil that flows back is pumped out into the transmission sump and the oil level in the transmission sump is checked with a dipstick. The same check is carried out immediately before starting the engine - the transmission sump must be almost empty.

Technical specifications

Parameters 42TschNSP16 / 17 56TschNSP16 / 17 2 × 56TschNSP16 / 17
M503A M503B M303W 512W M504A M504B M520 M507A-2
Engine design In-line radial engine, 6 stars with 7 cylinders each in line In-line radial engine, 8 stars with 7 cylinders each in line Inline star twin engine,
2 × 8 stars
with 7 cylinders each in line
Number of cylinders 42 56 2 × 56; in total 112
Working principle Four-stroke - diesel
Mixture preparation Direct injection
Valve control overhead camshaft , roller rocker arm,
2 × inlet, 2 × exhaust valve
Bore × stroke 160 mm × 170 mm
Displacement 143,558 cm 3 191,411 cm 3 382,822 cm 3
Rated speed 2000 min -1 1780 min −1 2000 min -1 1800 min -1 1950 min −1 2000 min -1
rated capacity 2425 kW 1840 kW 2425 kW 2205 kW 3493 kW 3676 kW 7355 kW
High performance 3960 kW
Medium work pressure 10.1 bar 8.6 bar 10.1 bar 10.3 bar 11.2 bar 11.5 bar 11.5 bar
Medium piston speed 11.3 m / s 10.1 m / s 11.3 m / s 10.2 m / s 11.0 m / s 11.3 m / s
Ground (dry) with gear 5400 kg 5600 kg 6120 kg 7500 kg 7250 kg 17,100 kg
Power to weight ratio 2.23 kg / kW 3.04 kg / kW 2.23 kg / kW 2.77 kg / kW 2.15 kg / kW 1.97 kg / kW 1.83 kg / kW 2.32 kg / kW
Lowest fuel consumption 211 g / kWh 204 g / kWh 210 g / kWh 211 g / kWh 210 g / kWh 213 g / kWh
fuel Diesel fuel L-0.2-61 and L-0.5-61 according to GOST 305-82
oil M20W2F according to GOST 12337–84

gallery

  • A Swesda M503 in the Technikmuseum Speyer (2011)

  • Different view of the same engine (2011)

  • Zvezda M503 with open cylinder bank in a museum (2006)

  • Zvezda M503 in the Hermeskeil Air Show (2014)

  • Zvezda M503, clearly visible reversing coupling

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Project 21820 at militaryrussia.ru