Synagogue (Dobrich)
The synagogue in Dobrich , a Bulgarian city in the northeast of the country, was built in 1887. The synagogue was profaned .
history
The settlement of the Jewish population in Dobrich was a consequence of the events in the Russian Empire. After the attack on July 1 . / March 13, 1881 greg. on the Russian Tsar Alexander II began a violent persecution of the Jews in Russia . In particular from 1881 to 1882, in isolated cases until 1884, there were violent attacks. Pogroms broke out in numerous cities in southern Russia . The anti-Jewish policy under Alexander III. was also continued under his successor Nicholas II . The pogroms and restrictive edicts as well as the administrative pressure led to mass emigration. Between 1881 and 1914 about 2 million Jews left Russia, many of them emigrated to the USA , a small number turned to the neighboring south-eastern European states, along the Black Sea coast of Romania and Bulgaria, which was still part of the Ottoman Empire. In these rural areas in the hinterland of the port area, minorities of the Armenians and Greeks already lived.
The cosmopolitan Romanian Black Sea port city of Constanța formed a center of the Jewish new beginning in Dobruja . The Jewish merchants, doctors and bankers living in the city made it possible to build schools and synagogues in the neighboring towns and villages.
The Turkish rule over the Dobruja area ended on January 27, 1878. After the liberation from the foreign rule of the Ottoman Empire (1878) and the restoration of the Bulgarian state at the Berlin Congress on July 13, 1878, it was decided to split the Dobruja into two parts: the north went to Romania , the south to Bulgaria. In 1882 the name of the city was changed from Hacıoğlu Pazarcık (Хаджиоглу Пазарджик) to Dobrich (Добрич). After the end of the Second Balkan War , Dobrich and the South Dobruja (north of the line: Danube west of Tutrakan to the west coast of the Black Sea south of Ekrene (Kranewo) near Balchik ) fell to Romania in the Treaty of Bucharest on August 10, 1913. These large assignments comprised 286,000 inhabitants and an area of 6,960 km². The first occupation by Romanian troops lasted until 1916. During the First World War , on September 3, 1916, Bulgarian troops occupied the southern Dobruja. In the Treaty of Neuilly on November 27, 1919, Bulgaria lost the area again to Romania and the southern Dobruja - and with it Dobrich - became Romanian territory again. During the Second World War , the affiliation of the South Dobruja was reorganized. After long diplomatic efforts, the Romanian occupation ended with the signing of the Craiova Treaty (Крайовската спогодба) on September 7, 1940. The South Dobruja and with it Dobrich returned to Bulgaria. On September 25, 1940, the Bulgarian army marched into Dobrich. As an ally of the German Reich, the Bulgarian Ministry of the Interior prepared lists of Jews who were to be sent to the extermination camps. On March 10, 1943, 52 Jews were supposed to be deported from Dobrich, but the deportation never took place. From 1947 the remaining Jews emigrated to Israel.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ N. Midvichi: A few considerations on the Jews in Dobrudja Province during the Ottoman rule. Short report in an anthology of the University of Iasi, published in 2009. Digitized version , accessed on January 12, 2019.
- ^ ND Teodorescu: The Architectural Heritage of the Jews of Constanţa. Digitized version , accessed on January 12, 2019.
Coordinates: 43 ° 34 ′ 5.2 ″ N , 27 ° 50 ′ 3.8 ″ E