Synagogue (Moisling)
The Moislinger synagogue was from 1727 to 1827 and from 1827 to 1872, the church of the Jewish community of Moisling , a modern district of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck .
Prehistory of the synagogue building
Since, according to Lübeck law, Jews were prohibited from taking up residence in the city with a few strictly regulated exceptions, the Jewish families who had come from Poland-Lithuania since the middle of the 17th century had settled in Moisling at the gates of Lübeck . The estate with the associated village of the same name was located on Danish territory at that time and was therefore subject to Danish law , which did not know of any legal provisions directed against Jews.
The first synagogue in Moislingen
Since 1702 Gut Moisling has been owned by the Wedderkop family , who showed particular benevolence towards the Jewish population of the village. A formal Jewish community had existed since 1720 at the latest , but it did not have its own synagogue . On December 6, 1726, the incumbent landlord, the Danish diplomat Gottfried von Wedderkop , sent a petition to King Friedrich IV , in which he asked for permission to build a synagogue for the Jews of Moisling.
The answer from the Danish king has not been received, but it must have been positive, as Wedderkop built a synagogue in Moisling the following year and let the Jewish community use it. It was a small, simple half-timbered building with a low interior space. From 1735 onwards, the community paid the landlord an annual rent of 40 Reichstalers .
After Gut Moisling passed into the hands of four Lübeck councilors as private property on May 1, 1762 - but continued to be Danish national territory - the new lords increased the synagogue rent to 52 Reichstaler annually. This changed little after Moisling became a state territory of Lübeck through an agreement between Denmark and Lübeck on January 22, 1802, which came into force on June 3, 1806.
The second Moislinger synagogue
In the 1820s, the Moislinger Jewish community paid an annual rent of 60 Courantmarks to the Lübeck city treasury for the use of the synagogue . However, there were more and more complaints about the poor condition of the dilapidated building, which is now almost a hundred years old . The roof was leaking, leaky doors and windows caused constant drafts and in general the building was seen as in danger of collapsing. In addition, the cramped, very low interior space of the grown Moislinger community no longer offered any space.
The Lübeck council had it checked whether the synagogue could be repaired; However, the reports by the city architect Heinrich Nikolaus Börm were so negative that this consideration was dropped. The community council then offered to pay an annual rent increased by 100 Courantmark if the city had a completely new building built in Moisling. In response to this offer, the council decided on July 9, 1825 to build a new synagogue of appropriate size and design.
The new church was built in 1826 and 1827 according to plans by the city architect Börm. At a prominent location in the middle of the village of Moisling, on the then still existing village pond, a free-standing, representative building was built from plastered brickwork . The building, kept in the classical style, was erected as a modern sacred building without any specific Jewish external characteristics; Since the Lübeck state acted as the sole client and bore the total building costs of 10,517 Courantmarks, the Jewish community had no significant influence on the architectural design.
Due to the complex construction of the building, the annual rent was not 160, as originally planned, but 240 Courantmarks. The Jewish community had to spend a similar amount on the purchase of the interior, which was not provided by the city.
On August 10, 1827, the new Moislingen synagogue was inaugurated with the solemn transfer of the Torah scrolls in the presence of representatives of the community and the city.
The end of the Moislingen synagogue
After the Jewish residents of Lübeck had received full civil rights by law in 1848 and 1852 and were no longer restricted to Moisling as their place of residence, numerous Moisling Jews moved into the city, which caused the Moisling community to rapidly decrease in number and finally on April 26, 1872 with the Transfer of the Torah scrolls to the synagogue in Wahmstrasse, which has existed since 1851, was officially relocated to Lübeck.
The Lübeck state, still the owner of the Moislingen synagogue, tried to sell the building, which was no longer used for religious purposes, but could not find a buyer. As a result, the building was completely demolished in 1873 . There are no remains.
Rabbi in Moisling
- Akiba Israel Wertheimer (1806-1816)
- Ephraim Fischl Joel (1825–1851), grandfather of Esther Carlebach
- Alexander Sussmann Adler (1851–)
literature
- Peter Guttkuhn: The history of the Jews in Moisling and Lübeck . Archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck, 2nd edition 2007. ISBN 978-3-7950-0468-2
- Peter Guttkuhn: 125 years of the synagogue . Lübeck, Verlag Schmidt-Römhild, 2005. ISBN 978-3-7950-4818-1
- Albrecht Schreiber: Between Star of David and Double Eagle . Archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck, 1992. ISBN 3-7950-3107-9
- Peter Guttkuhn: Short German-Jewish history in Lübeck . Schmidt-Römhild Verlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-7950-7005-2
