Synod of Compiègne (757)

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The Synod of Compiègne (757) , also called the Diet of Compiègne , Conventus Compendiensis or Concilium Compendiense , was a Frankish imperial synod under King Pippin . It took place in Compiègne in what was then the province of Picardy in northern France .

From the records of Bishop Chrodegang from the diocese of Metz for the Gorze monastery it is evident that 20 bishops and other clergy participated in the synod. a. the Bishop of Constance Sidonius , Adalfried von Noyon , Lupus von Sens , Fulcharius von Tongern (later Liège ), Vulfrannus von Meaux , Herväeus von Besançon , Meginauld von Würzburg , Jakob I von Toul , Eusebius von Tours , Sadrius von Angers and Deofried von Paris as well as the papal nuncio, Bishop George of Ostia with the Sacellarius Johannes. An emissary from the Byzantine emperor was also present.

21 canons were resolved; these mainly deal with questions of marriage law . For example, kinship marriages are only allowed in the fourth degree (Art. 1–4). If a woman "takes the veil" (enters a monastery) against the will of her husband, he can call her back to marriage (Art. 5), but if she does so with the consent of her husband, he can marry another. The same applies to men who go to the monastery, in which case the woman can marry someone else (Art. 16). If a man moves to another country because of a feud, neither he nor she may remarry (Art. 21). A number of provisions deal with sexual relations between relatives for which there appears to have been a great need for regulation. If z. For example, if a man has two sisters (Art. 18) or a mother and her daughter (Art. 17), he is forbidden to marry later, but if the women knew nothing about each other, they can remarry; if a brother commits adultery with his brother's wife, neither of them may remarry, but the “offended” man can take another wife (Art. 11). If a man sins with his son's bride, both must renounce marriage, but the son can marry another (Art. 13). If a woman willingly marries a slave, she must keep him (Art. 8); this also applies to a man. If a man or woman unknowingly marries someone who is unfree, he or she can dismiss him or her and marry someone else (Art. 7). The provisions therefore reflect a high degree of equal treatment for women and men.

If someone has been baptized with the trinity formula by an unbaptized person, baptism is valid (Art. 12); but it also requires the laying on of hands by a bishop. If a leper wants to allow his wife to marry someone else, she may do so, and the same applies to a man (Art. 19).

Bishop Chrodegang's privilege to found Gorze Monastery was also recognized by the bishops present. At this Reichstag also Tassilo III. , who was then in Pippin's custody, swore allegiance to King Pippin and was released from guardianship.

It is pointed out that the manuscripts handed down to this synod erroneously contain another four canons, which, however, were already decided upon at the synod of Metz and Verneuil. It is controversial whether the capitularies issued by Charlemagne in 775 , which related to the church regiment, church income and monastic discipline, were already decided in Compiègne.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Roman Deutinger: Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages (Repertorium fontium historiae medii aevi). Councils and Synods 742-1002 of the Franconian Empire, the German Empire and Imperial Italy , p. 15 f. March 2008, accessed June 19, 2019.
  2. ^ Karl Joseph von Hefele: Conciliengeschichte: edited according to the sources , p. 592ff. Herder , Freiburg im Breisgau 1877. Representation with all approved canons. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
  3. ↑ Walter Pohl: Alienigena coniugia. Efforts to ban foreign marriages in the Carolingian era . In: Andreas Pečar, Kai Trampedach (ed.): The Bible as a political argument: requirements and consequences of biblicalist legitimation of rule in the premodern . R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-64443-2 , p. 159-188 , p. 176 ( online [accessed June 20, 2019]).
  4. ↑ Herwig Wolfram : Tassilo III. Highest Prince and Lowest Monk , p. 25. Verlag Friedrich Pustet , Regensburg, 2016. ISBN 978-3-7917-2792-9 .
  5. ^ Johann Jakob Herzog : Real Encyclopedia for Protestant Theology and Church , Volume 19. Verlag von Rudolf Besser, Gotha 1865. P. 345. Retrieved on June 19, 2019.