Johann Jakob Herzog

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Johann Jakob Herzog (born September 12, 1805 in Basel , † September 30, 1882 in Erlangen , entitled to live in Basel) was a Swiss Reformed theologian . He is the founder of the Real Encyclopedia for Protestant Theology and Church , and he was also a teacher at four universities.

Life

Herzog was the son of the businessman Johann Caspar Herzog (1761–1811) and his wife Gertrud geb. Bienz (1772-1814). The family originally came from Württemberg , but had lived in Basel since 1605. Since Johann Jakob's parents died early, he spent his childhood with relatives from the age of five. Later he went to boarding school in Neustadt with his brother Emanuel . He also received private lessons from the naturalist Christoph Bernoulli . He then attended the Basel high school on Münsterplatz . From 1823 he studied theology at the University of Basel . In the same year he joined the Swiss Zofingerverein .

To continue his studies, he went to the University of Berlin in 1826 . This was followed by a research trip through Bohemia , Vienna , Venice and Milan back to Basel . There he passed his first exam in 1829; on October 10, 1830, he was awarded the degree of theological licentiate . From the winter semester 1830/31 he was a private lecturer at the University of Basel.

On January 14, 1834, Herzog married his cousin Rosina Socin (born January 13, 1811, † January 7, 1889); the marriage had four children. Since there was no prospect of a professorship in Basel , Herzog accepted a call as professor of theology and church history at the University of Lausanne . At first he was only employed temporarily, but on September 27, 1838 he became a full professor of historical theology.

In his work as a university lecturer, his knowledge of the French language was useful. Aside from church history, he also taught symbolism , biblical theology and the history of the Reformation , missions and dogma . He published the results of his research on church history in several monographs.

In 1839 the government of raising the Canton of Vaud , the Confessio Helvetica posterior as binding confession and tried to bring the church into state dependence. On August 3, 1845, the pastors had to read out a government proclamation declaring the revolution to be justified and allowing the state to influence the church. When Herzog was offered on February 17, 1846 to be active in the new commission for the examination, ordination and employment of the regional church pastors, he declined in protest and resigned from his professorship.

From March 1846 to August 1847, Herzog worked as a private scholar in Lausanne . On June 16, 1847 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Berlin University . From 1847 to 1854 he was professor for church history at the theological faculty of the University of Halle ; he had turned down a call to the University of Vienna . For two studies on the Waldensians , he undertook research trips to Geneva , France and Ireland . On October 1, 1854, Herzog succeeded Johann Heinrich August Ebrard as Professor of Reformed Theology at the University of Erlangen ; he was to carry out this activity until 1877.

In the meantime, Herzog had started his main work, the Real Encyclopedia for Protestant Theology and Church (predecessor of the Theological Real Encyclopedia ), after Matthias Schneckenburger , originally intended to be editor, died. The first volume was created in Halle (Saale) , the second in Erlangen. A total of 22 volumes appeared in three editions between 1854 and 1913; Over 500 entries were written by Herzog himself. For the second edition, the collaboration of Professor of Church History Gustav Leopold Plitt was planned; however, since he died early, Albert Hauck was selected, who continued the work after Herzog's death in Erlangen and published a third edition in Leipzig . Besides him, other members of the Reformed Church were involved in the work.

In 1876, Herzog received the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy . In the same year he began his work Outline of the Entire Church History . On September 1, 1877, he was retired at his own request after a stroke . In addition to his book publications, several articles in the Evangelische Kirchen-Zeitung and nine articles in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie are to be thanked for.

Works (selection)

  • Dissertatio exegetica de loco Paulino Rome. 3.21–31 (Basel 1830)
  • The Life of Johannes Oekolampadius and the Reformation of the Church in Basel (Volumes 1 and 2; Basel 1843)
  • John Calvin. A biographical sketch (Basel 1843)
  • Précis des faits ont amené et suivi la démission de la majorité des pasteurs et ministres de l'Eglise nationale du canton de Vaud en 1845 (Lausanne 1846)
  • De origine et pristino statu Waldensium. Secundum antiquissima eorum scripta cum libris catholicorum eiusdem aeva collata (Hall 1848)
  • The Romanesque Waldenses. Their pre-Reformation conditions and teachings, their Reformation in the 16th century and their repercussions, mainly presented from their own writings (Halle 1853)
  • Real Encyclopedia for Protestant Theology and Church (Volumes 1 to 22; Hamburg 1854 to 1866)
  • François de Bonivard, Advis et Devis de la source de l'idolatrie et tyrannie papale (Geneva 1856)
  • The word of God a light in dark times. Sermon on Psalm 119, 105 (Erlangen 1866)
  • The return of the expelled Waldensians to their valleys in 1689 (Erlangen 1876)
  • Outline of the entire church history, volume 1: The times of the foundation and first expansion of the Christian church from the birth of Christ to the end of the first century after the birth of Christ. The times of old Catholicism from the beginning of the second century to the beginning of the eighth (Erlangen 1876)
  • Outline of the entire church history, volume 2: The times of Roman Catholicism from the beginning of the eighth century to the beginning of the sixteenth, called by Bonifatius, the apostle of the Germans, to the beginning of the German Reformation (Erlangen 1879)
  • Outline of the entire church history, volume 3: The age of the Reformation. The times of the greatest struggle between Catholicism and Protestantism, between Lutheranism and Calvinism. The times of inner movements within the various confessions up to the end of the eighteenth century (Erlangen 1882)

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Duke, Johann Jakob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss reformed theologian
DATE OF BIRTH September 12, 1805
PLACE OF BIRTH Basel
DATE OF DEATH September 30, 1882
Place of death gain