Tabassarans
The Tabassarans are a people in the Russian Republic of Dagestan . They included 118,848 people in the 2010 Russian census in Dagestan, which is 4.1 percent of the population in this republic. They live in the mountainous south of the region, their center is the city of Chuchni near Derbent . In all of Russia, the 2010 census came to 146,360 Tabassarans.
history
Armenian historians mentioned a Tavaspare people in the 5th century, until the 13th century they formed an independent state. Later they belonged to the Derbent Khanate , in 1806 they came to Russia with all of Dagestan .
The Tabassarans are Sunni Muslims . After the conquest of the region by the Arabs in the 8th and 9th centuries, they adopted the Islamic faith, although earlier traditions still hold up today (for example, plowing and sowing celebrations or the worship of old trees).
In addition to agriculture and animal husbandry (grazing in the higher regions), craftsmanship was widespread. Tabassaran carpets were once famous. In the course of the collectivization of agriculture and the dissolution of village patriarchal structures in the 1940s, however, much of the Tabassaran culture was lost.
The society of the country Tabassaran consisted of several politically autonomous village alliances (Arabic maḥāll for "quarter"), which were led by elders ( kavxa or kevxa ). The Beks (nobility) were not only subordinate to the villages of the village associations, but also to some villages with serfs , of which 17,000 were counted in 1894. They were also called raʿāyā . There were also several Jewish communities. The oldest principality in Tabassaran was the Maysumat with the fortified main town Dscharag , whose rulers bore the title “Maysum” or “Maʿṣūm” (from Arabic for “the sinless”, also “the infallible” or “the inviolable”). This was added by the 17th century at the latest, probably more likely, in the northern part of the Kadi state with the capital Chuchni , whose rulers bore the hereditary dynasty title “Qāḍī” or simply “Kadi” (Arabic for “judge”).
language
The Tabassaran language is one of the Caucasian languages . It is closely related to Lesgic , the language of Lesgier . In 1932 a font for the language was created, initially with Latin script and from 1938 with the Cyrillic alphabet .
Famous pepole
- Jelena Gadschijewna Issinbajewa (* 1982), Russian athlete, Olympic champion in the pole vault
Web links
- The Avars, the Kumyks and the Tabazarans Report from the radio station "Voice of Russia"
Remarks
- ^ Results of the 2010 Census of Russia , Excel table 7, line 452.
- ↑ Excel table 5, line 150 .
- ↑ Michael Kemper: Rule, Law and Islam in Daghestan. From the khanates and municipal alliances to the jihād state. Wiesbaden 2005, p. 44.