Tachibana (ball)

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The Kuge clan of the Tachibana ( Japanese 橘 氏 , Tachibana-shi ) was an influential family at the imperial court of the Nara period . They were ousted by the Fujiwara .

Nara time

Even in the early days, some members of the imperial family bore the name Tachibana. The name comes from the Japanese orange tree ( Citrus nobilis ), which also plays a role in the accession ceremony.

The name Tachibana was given to Agata-no-Inukai no Michiyo by Gemmei -tennō 708. She was the wife of the imperial Prince Minu , descendant of Bidatsu -tennō and mother of Prince Katsuragi and Sai . She later married Fujiwara no Fuhito .

The family name Tachibana was given to the princes Katsuragi and Sai in 736 , whereby they left the imperial family. The Tachibana no Hayanari (ch.WG: Chüh-i-shih) , who studied in China (804-6), and Kūkai (posthumously: Kōbō Daishi; ch. WG: K ' ) come from the family . ung-hai).

Tachibana no Hayanari (? 778-842). On his return from China, Governor of Tajima . At court he was the direct opponent of Fujiwara no Yoshifusas , who established the regent system ( sesshō ). He was slandered by him and in 843, at the age of 60, sent into exile, where he died after five years. He is known as a poet and calligrapher. He is considered one of the Sampitsu , his most important work is the Ito Naishinnō Ganmon ( 伊 都 内 親王 願 文 ).

Heian period

The Tachibana, whose members always held positions in the State Council, were constantly involved in power struggles with the Fujiwara during the early Heian period , which occasionally led to armed conflicts. So z. B. the uprising Fujiwara no Sumitomos 939-941. This rebellion was suppressed, but the Tachibana lost their influence at court; the clan itself, divided into four lines, was scattered in different directions.

Tachibana no Kimiyori (877-941), the persecutor of Fujiwara no Sumitomos , was expelled to Kyūshū. He stayed there and became a representative of the imperial court. The Tachibana Castle is named after him or his descendants, from which the samurai family descends, whose rise began in the 14th century.

Another branch arose in Iyo Province . Their ancestor was Tachibana Tōyasu . Kusunoki Masashige , an imperial general in the 14th century and “patron saint” of the kamikaze pilots, comes from this line.

Historically significant members of the clan

Second generation

  • Tachibana no Moroe ( 橘 諸兄 , 684-757) - son of Michiyos; also Katsuragi no Ō-kimi ( 葛 城 王 . 738 Udaijin . 751 Sadaijin (Chancellor)), thus effective holder of government power until 756 - in good agreement with the Fujiwara. Then resignation, as suspected by the Kōken- tennō of involvement in a conspiracy. He wrote parts of the Man'yōshū .
  • Tachibana no Sai ( 橘 佐為 ) - son of Michiyo; also Sai no Ō-kimi ( 佐為 王 )
  • Muro no Ōkimi ( 牟 漏 女王 ) - Michiyo's daughter; Woman of Fujiwara no Fusazaki

Third generation

  • Tachibana no Naramaro ( 橘 奈良 麻 呂 ; † 757) - the eldest son of Moroe. He was considered capable, was Daigaku no kami (大学 の 上), Mimbu-ōskue (民 部 大 介), Sangi (参議), Sadaiben (佐 大 辨). When, after the death of his father, the influence of Fujiwara no Nakamaro ( – 仲 7; 710–764) grew stronger, he took part in the conspiracy of the deposed Crown Prince Funado , Ono Azumabito and others. a. against Nakamaro and the Empress Kōken . The conspiracy was exposed and those involved were executed.

Fourth generation

  • Tachibana no Shimadamaro ( 橘 島 田 麿 ) - son of Naramaros
  • Tachibana no Kiyotomo ( 橘 清 友 ) - son of Naramaros

Fifth generation

  • Tachibana no Kachiko ( 橘 嘉智子 ; 787-851) - daughter of Kiyotomos, wife of Saga- tennō and mother of Emperor Nimmyō . When he fell ill, she shaved off her hair and became a nun to help him recover. But it was in vain, she followed him into death a year later. As a strict Buddhist, she had the temple Danrin-ji (檀 林寺) built, which is why she is remembered as "Danrin-Kōgō" (檀 林 皇后). With the support of her brother Ujikimi, she founded the training center for the Tachibana family in Kyoto, which she called "Gakkan-in" (学 館 院).
  • Tachibana no Ujikimi ( 橘 氏 公 ) - son of Kiyotomo. His son: 橘 岑 継

Later generations

  • Tachibana no Hayanari ( 橘 逸 勢 ; † 842) - statesman, poet, especially famous as a calligrapher, especially in the "square" Reisho style (隷書 体). He traveled to China, where he stayed for several years, until he returned to Japan in 806 with Priest Kūkai . In 842 he was involved in a conspiracy that Tsunesada-Shinnō wanted to bring to the throne. He was therefore exiled to the province of Izu and died on the way there. With Saichō and Kūkai he is one of the "Three Great Calligraphers" Sanpitsu of his time
  • Tachibana no Toshimichi ( 橘 敏 通 ) - third son of Kimiyori; important role in the fight against Fujiwara no Sumitomo and Suminori; Lord of Chikugo Province ; Ancestor of the Chikugo line (Kyūshū) of the family.
  • Senkan ( 千 観 ) - fourth son of Kimiyori; Jodo Shū monk (Pure Land Buddhism)
  • Tachibana no Yoshiyuki ( 橘 善行 ) - Buddhist name Shōkū ; Founder of the Enkyō-ji
  • Zōga ( 蔵 賀 ) - Lived on the island of Tōnomine
  • Kōkei ( 皇 慶 ) - monk
  • Tachibana no Nagayasu ( 橘 永 愷 ) - poet; also known by the Buddhist name Noin .
  • Tachibana no Michisada ( 橘 道 貞 ) - collaboration with Fujiwara no Michinaga
  • Ko-shikibu no Naishi ( 小 式 部 内侍 ) - poet; Daughter of Michisada
  • Tachibana no Tamenaka ( 橘 為 仲 ) - poet
  • Tachibana no Tōyasu ( 橘 遠 保 ) - Comes from the Ochi clan ( 越 智 氏 ), ancestor of the Iyo line of the family. Fought Fujiwara no Sumitomo.
  • Tachibana no Toshitsuna (1028–94), illegitimate son of Fujiwara no Yorimichi. Head of the imperial building department, in the middle court rank, is considered to be the author of the Sakuteiki .
  • Tachibana no Tōshige ( 橘 遠 茂 ) - mokudai from Suruga ; Descendant of Tōyasu (Iyo Line)
  • Tachibana no Toshimichi († 1051 or 1058) was the husband of the poet Sugawara no Takasue no Musume
  • Tachibana no Kiminaga ( 橘 公 長 ) - Executioner of Taira no Munemori .
  • Tachibana no Kiminari ( 橘 公 業 ) - son of Kiminaga; Founder of the Kokajima clan.
  • Tachibana no Narisue ( 橘 成 季 ) - served Kujō Michiie

literature

  • Bohner, Hermann ; Tachibana-no-Hayanari-den; in: Monumenta Nipponica 1942
  • Eckardt, Hans; The Kokonchomonshû of Tachibana Narisue as a source of music history; Wiesbaden 1956 (Harrassowitz), 432 S. [Maschinenschr. multiply; Zugl. phil. Habil.-Schr.]
  • Tachibana-no-Toshitsuna: ... a full transl. of the Japanese 11th century manuscript: Memoranda on garden making ; Tokyo 1976
  • History of Japanese calligraphy of the Heian period: Ishikawa Kyūyō; Denpa kara juyō e: sanpitsu ( 伝 播 か ら 受 容 へ: 三 筆 ); Tōkyō 1997 (Nigensha), ISBN 4-544-02210-X

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