Taixuanjing
The Taixuanjing ( Chinese 太玄 經 / 太玄 经 , Pinyin tài xuán jīng , W.-G. T'ai-hsüan ching , English Canon of Supreme Mystery ), in Chinese, among other titles, mostly short as Taixuan ( 太玄 - " The Great Mystery ”) is a syncretic work by the Confucian author Yang Xiong ( 扬雄 , Yáng Xióng , Yang Hsiung , * 53 BC; † 18) from the time of the Han dynasty .
The work is included in the Daoist canon . By the famous statesman and historian Sima Guang from the time of the Song Dynasty a famous comment comes from. The Sibu congkan book series contains a photographic reproduction of a song edition transferred from the Wanyutang ( 万 玉堂 , wàn yù táng ) collection during the Ming Dynasty .
The symbols
The Taixuanjing symbols are a further development of the Yìjīng (I Ching) symbols, using tetragrams (i.e. symbols made up of four lines) as a basis. These consist of unbroken, once broken and double broken lines. The structure of the two broken lines makes them different from the I-Ching hexagrams . It stands
- (
), the unbroken line for heaven ( 天 , tiān ), - (
), the broken line for earth ( 地 , dì ), - (
), the twice broken line for human ( 人 , rén ).
According to the rules of combinatorics , these three types of lines can be combined in 3 4 = 81 different arrangements to form tetragrams. Because there is also a monogram and five digrams, there are a total of 87 Taixuanjing symbols.
| No. | image | 太玄 | Tai Xuan Jing | Unicode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
人 | human | earth |
| 2 |  |
地 人 | earthly man | human earth |
| 3 |  |
人 天 | human sky | earthly heaven |
| 4th |  |
天人 | heavenly man | heavenly earth |
| 5 |  |
人 地 | human earth | earthly man |
| 6th |  |
人人 | human human | earthly earth |
Contradictory terms
In the case of Unicode , the symbols were included as the Unicode block Tai-Xuan-Jing symbols (U + 1D300 ff.), Other symbols mentioned here can be found in the Unicode block Various symbols (U + 2600 ff.).
In contradiction to older sources, Unicode 
calls the broken line ( ) a symbol for human beings instead of earth; the line broken twice ( ) is used to symbolize earth instead of human. This exchange also affects the official names of the five digrams.
While the official Unicode names are used in the article to describe the Unicode block, the Taixuanjing names are preferred in this article.
Further contradictions
The terms used by Unicode as well as by Marcel Granet and Zhu Xi ( 朱熹 , Zhū Xī ) for the two digrams ( 
and 
) are assigned to the other symbol by Richard Wilhelm in his book I Ching . More on these different perspectives is at the I Ching executed.
Overview
Different symbols can be formed from the combinations of the three lines
- 3 1 = 3 monograms,
- 3 2 = 9 digrams,
- 3 3 = 27 trigrams and
- 3 4 = 81 tetragrams.
These 120 symbols can be assigned to the following systems:
- 87 Taixuan ( 太玄 , tài xuán ) symbols,
- 2 lines ( 兩儀 , liǎng yí ): Yin and Yang ( 陰陽 / 阴阳 , yīn yáng ),
- 4 pictures ( 四 像 , sì xiàng ),
- 8 trigrams ( 八卦 , bā guà ), but
- 19 trigrams can be formed, but are not available in any system and are not represented in Unicode.
The following overview table shows all 120 symbols and their respective affiliations.
| No. | Codepoint | character | image | out | designation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | U + 1D300 | ? |
|
太玄 | Monogram for human (人) |
| 2 | U + 1D301 | ? |
|
太玄 | Digram for earthly man |
| 3 | U + 1D302 | ? |
|
太玄 | Human Heaven Digram |
| 4th | U + 1D303 | ? |
|
太玄 | Digram for Heavenly Man |
| 5 | U + 1D304 | ? |
|
太玄 | Human Earth Digram |
| 6th | U + 1D305 | ? |
|
太玄 | Digram for human human |
| 7th | U + 1D306 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for middle |
| 8th | U + 1D307 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for full circle |
| 9 | U + 1D308 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for getting stuck |
| 10 | U + 1D309 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for barrier |
| 11 | U + 1D30A | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for humiliating |
| 12 | U + 1D30B | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for opposition |
| 13 | U + 1D30C | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for ascent |
| 14th | U + 1D30D | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for opposition |
| 15th | U + 1D30E | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for junction |
| 16 | U + 1D30F | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for Deficiency |
| 17th | U + 1D310 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for striving apart |
| 18th | U + 1D311 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for youthfulness |
| 19th | U + 1D312 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for reinforcement |
| 20th | U + 1D313 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for penetration |
| 21st | U + 1D314 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for achievement |
| 22nd | U + 1D315 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for touch |
| 23 | U + 1D316 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for restraint |
| 24 | U + 1D317 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for waiting |
| 25th | U + 1D318 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for sequences |
| 26th | U + 1D319 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for progress |
| 27 | U + 1D31A | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for relief |
| 28 | U + 1D31B | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for resistance |
| 29 | U + 1D31C | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for ease |
| 30th | U + 1D31D | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for joy |
| 31 | U + 1D31E | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for competition |
| 32 | U + 1D31F | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for Effort |
| 33 | U + 1D320 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for duty |
| 34 | U + 1D321 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for change |
| 35 | U + 1D322 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for decisiveness |
| 36 | U + 1D323 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for bold decision |
| 37 | U + 1D324 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for pack |
| 38 | U + 1D325 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for Legion |
| 39 | U + 1D326 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for unity |
| 40 | U + 1D327 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for kinship |
| 41 | U + 1D328 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for assembly |
| 42 | U + 1D329 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for severity |
| 43 | U + 1D32A | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for purity |
| 44 | U + 1D32B | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for completeness |
| 45 | U + 1D32C | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for stay |
| 46 | U + 1D32D | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for rule |
| 47 | U + 1D32E | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for answer |
| 48 | U + 1D32F | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for coming together |
| 49 | U + 1D330 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for encounter |
| 50 | U + 1D331 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for furnace |
| 51 | U + 1D332 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for size |
| 52 | U + 1D333 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for expansion |
| 53 | U + 1D334 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for pattern |
| 54 | U + 1D335 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for ritual |
| 55 | U + 1D336 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for escape |
| 56 | U + 1D337 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for Desolation |
| 57 | U + 1D338 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for persistence |
| 58 | U + 1D339 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for measure |
| 59 | U + 1D33A | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for Eternity |
| 60 | U + 1D33B | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for unity |
| 61 | U + 1D33C | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for diminution |
| 62 | U + 1D33D | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for closed mouth |
| 63 | U + 1D33E | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for vigilance |
| 64 | U + 1D33F | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for meeting |
| 65 | U + 1D340 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for agglomeration |
| 66 | U + 1D341 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for accumulation |
| 67 | U + 1D342 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for embellishment |
| 68 | U + 1D343 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for doubt |
| 69 | U + 1D344 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for guards |
| 70 | U + 1D345 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for sinking |
| 71 | U + 1D346 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for heart |
| 72 | U + 1D347 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for departure |
| 73 | U + 1D348 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for eclipse |
| 74 | U + 1D349 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for blackout |
| 75 | U + 1D34A | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for exhaustion |
| 76 | U + 1D34B | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for separation |
| 77 | U + 1D34C | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for inhibition |
| 78 | U + 1D34D | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for hardness |
| 79 | U + 1D34E | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for completion |
| 80 | U + 1D34F | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for graduation |
| 81 | U + 1D350 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for failure |
| 82 | U + 1D351 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for difficulty |
| 83 | U + 1D352 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for consent |
| 84 | U + 1D353 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for on the edge |
| 85 | U + 1D354 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for difficulties |
| 86 | U + 1D355 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for effort |
| 87 | U + 1D356 | ? |
|
太玄 | Tetragram for care |
| 88 | U + 268A | ⚊ |
|
兩儀 | Monogram for Yang (阴), Heaven (天) |
| 89 | U + 268B | ⚋ |
|
兩儀 | Monogram for Yin (阳), Earth (地) |
| 90 | U + 268C | ⚌ |
|
四 像 | Digram for old yang, heaven (天) |
| 91 | U + 268D | ⚍ |
|
四 像 | Digram for young yin , fire (火) |
| 92 | U + 268E | ⚎ |
|
四 像 | Digram for young yang , water (水) |
| 93 | U + 268F | ⚏ |
|
四 像 | Digram for old yin, earth (地) |
| 94 | U + 2630 | ☰ |
|
八卦 | Trigram for heaven |
| 95 | U + 2631 | ☱ |
|
八卦 | Trigram for sea |
| 96 | U + 2632 | ☲ |
|
八卦 | Trigram for fire |
| 97 | U + 2633 | ☳ |
|
八卦 | Trigram for thunder |
| 98 | U + 2634 | ☴ |
|
八卦 | Trigram for wind |
| 99 | U + 2635 | ☵ |
|
八卦 | Trigram for water |
| 100 | U + 2636 | ☶ |
|
八卦 | Trigram for mountain |
| 101 | U + 2637 | ☷ |
|
八卦 | Trigram for earth |
| 102 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 01 | ||
| 103 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 02 | ||
| 104 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 03 | ||
| 105 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 04 | ||
| 106 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 05 | ||
| 107 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 06 | ||
| 108 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 07 | ||
| 109 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 08 | ||
| 110 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 09 | ||
| 111 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 10 | ||
| 112 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 11 | ||
| 113 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 12 | ||
| 114 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 13 | ||
| 115 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 14 | ||
| 116 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 15 | ||
| 117 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 16 | ||
| 118 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 17 | ||
| 119 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 18 | ||
| 120 | no code |
|
hypothetical trigram 19 |
The designations for ( ) and ( ) depend on the interpretation.
Comments on the sorting option
- Initially the table is sorted in ascending order by number ,
- the 87 Taixuan symbols,
- the 14 other symbols,
- the 19 hypothetical symbols.
- When sorting by code point , the trigrams that are not represented in Unicode are weighted above all other symbols.
- For sorting by picture , the unbroken line receives the smallest value, the twice broken line the greatest; weighting is from bottom to top.
- The affiliation ( out ) sorted by
- the system,
- Mono / Di / Tri / Tetragram,
- Designation text.
- The name is sorted by
- Mono / Di / Tri / Tetragram,
- Designation text.
expenditure
- ( Song ) Sima Guang司马 光: Jizhu Taixuanjing集注 太玄 经 ( Sibu beiyao四部 备 要)
- ( Qing ) Yu Yue俞 樾: Yangzi Taixuan pingyi扬子 太玄 平 议 ( Zhuzi pingyi诸子 平 议, Chunzaitang quanshu 春 在 堂 全书)
Western literature
- D. Walters: The T'ai Hsüan Ching . The Hidden Classic (Wellington 1983)
- Michael Nylan: The Canon of Supreme Mystery by Yang Xiong . State University of New York Press, Albany 1993
- Michael Loewe (ed.): Early Chinese texts: a bibliographical guide. The Society for the Study of Early China & the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley CA 1993 ISBN 1-55729-043-1 (Early China special monograph series; no. 2), (Michael Nylan, p. 460–466)
Web links
- I Ching (Ho Tu and Lo Shu), Genetic Code, Tai Hsuan Ching , and the D4-D5-E6-E7-E8 VoDou Physics Model ( Memento from July 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- 9-fold Magic Square Pattern of Tao Te Ching Insights, experimentally associated with the 81 insights of the T'ai Hsüan Ching
- Yáng Xióng (53 BCE - 18 CE)
- Ru in Han times (PDF; 173 kB)
- Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (PDF; 763 kB)
- Tai Xuan Jing symbols. (PDF; 70 kB) Unicode
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcel Granet: La pensée chinoise . Albin Michel, Paris 1936. Translated by Manfred Porkert: The Chinese way of thinking - content, form, character . Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft 519, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt 2000, ISBN 3-518-28119-4 ; R. Piper Verlag, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-492-01237-X . (Page 141)
- ↑ Zhu Xi (朱熹, Zhū Xī): Zhouyi zhengyi (周易 正義, Zhōuyì zhèngyì),
- ^ Richard Wilhelm: I Ching - The Book of Changes . ISBN 3-424-00061-2 , p. 295