Tarabi uprising
The Tarabi uprising was an uprising of the poor urban population of Bukhara against the authorities and the Mongol rule ( 1238 - 1241 ). Its course was mainly passed down by the historian Ata al-Mulk Dschuwaini , who described it from the (disapproving) point of view of a senior Mongolian official.
course
Mahmud was a sieve maker from the village of Tarab near Bukhara, whose "stupidity and ignorance were unparalleled". He claimed to have magical powers and quickly found an adherence among the suffering and sick, although this was not an uncommon claim in Transoxania and Turkestan (especially among women). When the scholar Shams-ad-Din Mahbubi confessed to Mahmud Tarabi on grounds of “prejudice” against the Imams Bukhara and informed him that (according to an earlier prophecy) one day a “mighty lord from Tarab would conquer the world”, grew Mahmud's followers and his pride. At the same time, according to the astrologers, the constellation of Saturn and Mars indicated unrest in AD 636 (i.e. 1238/39), which then promptly broke out.
The authorities informed the minister Mahmud Yalavach in Khojend and then invited Mahmud Tarabi to Bukhara to have him and his followers slaughtered on the way to the city. But Tarabi was intelligent enough to see through the planned ambush at the fortress near Sar-i Pul , threatened the traitors present with heavenly vengeance and got into the city unscathed. Further assassinations proved impossible given the size of his followers in the city and so he soon controlled Bukhara. The authorities were forced to abdicate, murdered or driven out, the houses of the rich were plundered by large gangs and Mahmud was proclaimed Sultan Bukhara.
The fugitive authorities gathered in Kermine and called the Mongols for help, who were now advancing on Bukhara with all the troops stationed in the area. The Tarabi and Mahbubi went to meet them with the poor of the city, trusting in Mahmud's supernatural powers and his “invisible army” of “heavenly spirits” and “tribes of jinns ” even without weapons or armor. The battle was equally unusual: Mahmud Tarabi and Shams-ad-Din Mahbubi were likely killed by arrows at the very beginning. But when a sandstorm came up, the Mongols thought it was the result of Mahmud's supernatural abilities and fled. Many of the refugees were still slain by the rural poor, along with local tax collectors and landowners.
With reference to the fact that Mahmud Tarabi had "disappeared into the invisible", his brothers Muhammad and Ali took over the leadership of the rebels "until his reappearance" and continued the previous procedure (looting, etc.). In 1241 the Mongol prince Chaghatai sent a large army under Ildiz Noyan and Chigin Qorchi to Bukhara, which the Tarabi faced again after being refitted. Allegedly over 20,000 people lost their lives in the collision, but at least Mahmud Yalavach prevented the renewed destruction and extermination of Bukhara by the Mongols through his personal intervention. The case came before the Great Khan Ögetei , who approved of Mahmud Yalavach's ban on destruction and extermination, but had to transfer him to China in 1241 because of the anger of his brother Chaghatai.
Remarks
- ↑ Mahmuds Yalavach's place was his son Masud Beg (d. 1289), who then held the municipal administration in Transoxania (with short interruptions) until his death.
literature
- Alāʼ al-Dīn ʻAṭā Malik Juvaynī: Genghis Khan: The History of the World Conqueror. translated by John Andrew Boyle. Manchester University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-7190-5145-2
- Jürgen Paul: Bukhara under Mongolian rule. In: Markus Meumann, Jörg Rogge: Die occupied res publica. On the relationship between civil authorities and military rule in occupied territories from the late Middle Ages to the 18th century. Berlin / Hamburg / Münster 2006.