Tent pegging
Tent pegging (literally "tent pegs") refers to an equestrian sport that is popular in some Commonwealth countries. It is an ancient sport of cavalry and is officially recognized as a regional discipline by the International Federation of Equestrian Sports .
The aim of this discipline in the narrower sense is to spear a wooden stake ("peg") stuck in the ground from horseback using a lance. In addition to its narrower meaning, the term "tent pegging" has developed into the generic term for all equestrian sports in which a weapon is aimed at a target from the horse.
origin
Cavalry riders have been practicing this sport since at least the fourth century BC, and the competition spread throughout the world through the great Asian and later European empires. The time and place of origin cannot therefore be precisely determined.
What is certain is that this sport comes from cavalry training and should train riders in the use of lances and sabers (from horseback). It is unclear whether the tent pegging should further develop the general skills of the cavalryman or prepare him for certain war situations.
Legend has it that it was used to rehearse a military raid on a tent camp on horseback. By pulling and pulling the tent pegs (tent pegs), the accommodation tents collapsed and thus spread confusion in the opposing camp. In fact, there is no evidence that this tactic was ever used in combat.
Another interpretation shifts the origins to India , where war elephants were integrated into the armies for many centuries . The cavalry practiced as a counter tactics to meet with the lance tip the delicate feet and especially in the highly sensitive toenails to sting, so the elephant panicked his Mahout yields, wild runs away while possibly trampling enemy foot soldiers or creates at least considerable confusion in the infantry lines. However, the British Tentpegging Association notes on this theory that it is unlikely that riders would have got close enough to a war elephant to attack its feet. She therefore considers it more likely that it was actually just a general cavalry training exercise.
Accordingly, the sport is particularly widespread in India. However, other scientific sources suggest that the sport originated in Central Asia or the Middle East and only later became popular in India. Since the specific competition of tent pegging is the best known of the martial equestrian disciplines, tent pegging became the umbrella term for the whole discipline with the decline of the cavalry in the twentieth century.
Nowadays, tent pegging is practiced all over the world, but is still particularly popular in its countries of origin. Via the British Army, it was also distributed to the countries of the Commonwealth, where it now also has a tradition that is several hundred years old. The Olympic Council of Asia accepted tent pegging as an official sport as early as 1982; the FEI has so far only recognized it as a regional equestrian discipline. The sport is still dominated by members of cavalry regiments or the mounted police.
Set of rules
The individual national associations in tent pegging issue their own rules for their competitions. An international framework has been agreed that imposes restrictions on the various possibilities. Before the competition, the riders will be given a plan describing the course and its individual disciplines.
The size and type of the target, the number of consecutive targets in a course, the size and weight of the weapon, the minimum time in which a course must be completed, and whether the target must be hit, cut or carried along are specified. The distance is always 100 meters, with the riders having a further 50 meters to 100 meters of track both before and after the measured distance in order to achieve the required speed or to enable the horse to brake safely.
Competitions take place individually, in pairs or in a team of 4 riders. The minimum age for most international competitions is 16 years, for so-called Masters tournaments participants must be at least 45 years old.
Disciplines
The official international rules of the International Tent Pegging Federation (ITPF) sometimes contradict each other with regard to the disciplines required for an official tournament. At the beginning it names the 8 following disciplines, but later all competitions except Individual and Team Lance and Individual and Team Sword are referred to as "special competitions".
Individual Lance and Individual Sword
This is tent pegging in the narrower sense. A rider gallops down a straight track on a horse and is armed with either a lance or a saber. He tries with the weapon to spear a small target on the floor ("peg"), to take it with him or at least to scratch it. The targets can be made of wood or synthetic materials, but must not break apart when impaled. For this purpose, wooden pegs are soaked in water before the competition. The pegs are white and at least 30 centimeters long and become narrower as the competition progresses. The international rules of the ITPF define the following: In the first two rounds of the first round and the first round of the second round they are 6 centimeters wide and in the third round of the first round and the second and third round of the second round they are 4 centimeters wide. They are driven into the ground at an angle of sixty degrees so that the part on the surface is exactly 17 centimeters long. The length of the route is 100 meters, the stake is placed at 70 meters. The minimum speed with which the track has to be completed is 800 m / min.
A stake impaled and carried over a distance of at least 15 meters (wooden pegs) or 10 meters (other materials) is awarded 6 points, a stake pulled out of the ground but not carried the entire distance is awarded 4 points and a stake is hit but not peg pulled out of the ground 2 points. For timeouts, half a point is deducted for every commenced second over the permitted time. The rider with the most points in both rounds wins.
Team Lance and Team Sword
The same rules apply as for the respective individual discipline, with the difference that teams of 4 riders each compete in parallel. In addition, the minimum speed is reduced to 750 m / min. The points of all riders of a team are added up.
Rings and Pegs
Rings and Pegs is an "overhead" discipline as the targets are above the horses' heads. As the name suggests, this discipline consists of first spearing 2 rings hanging from the gallows and then picking up a stake in the ground. The length of the route is also 100 meters here; the gallows are placed at a distance of 15 meters, the stake follows 20 meters after the second gallows. The rings hang at a height of 2.2 meters. According to the ITPF rules and regulations, the first round is ridden in 2 runs on a 6 centimeter wide stake and the second round on a 4 cm wide stake. The prescribed weapon for rings and pegs is usually the lance, but there may be regional differences. The minimum speed with which the track has to be completed is 750 m / min.
The rider receives 6 points for each pierced ring, the same point distributions apply for hitting stakes as in the other disciplines, as well as for time-outs.
Lemons and Pegs
At Lemons and Pegs, the course is similar to that for Rings and Pegs, with the difference that there are no rings hanging from the gallows, but lemons or similar, easily split fruits. The saber is used as a weapon. The riders should use it to cut the fruit horizontally and then collect the stake.
For each correctly cut lemon you receive 6 points, the usual rules apply to stakes and time-outs.
Lance and Sword Paired
Lance and Sword Paired is a combination of Individual Lance and Individual Sword that is ridden in pairs. The riders start as a pair next to each other on adjacent lanes; one of them rides the Individual Lance course, one the Individual Sword course. The weapons used are accordingly the lance for one of the two riders and the saber for the other. Only one round of 2 rounds is ridden, the first on 6 cm wide pegs, the other on 4 cm wide pegs. The minimum speed is 750 m / min.
Points are awarded as in the individual disciplines, the team with the most points wins.
Indian File
The Indian File is a pure team discipline, in which the riders pick up stakes one after the other in quick succession. One peg is placed per rider, i.e. 4 pegs at a distance of 1.5 meters, starting with the first peg 70 meters behind the start line. Each rider is assigned a stake according to their starting position (the first rider the first stake, the second rider the second stake, etc.) and can only score points by hitting this particular stake. The discipline goes over 2 rounds; In the first round all riders carry lances, in the second round they wear sabers. The minimum speed is 750 m / min, the distance between the horses must be 11 meters behind one another.
As already mentioned, points are only awarded for hits on your own stake. If a rider hits a competitor's stake, no points will be recognized. If a rider loses his stake en route and hits another rider's stake with the lost stake, he only receives points for hitting his own stake. If your own stake has already been pulled out of the ground by the pioneer, you can still score 4 points for a hit and 6 points for picking up and carrying the stake away. If a rider misses his target, the stake becomes a "dead stake". The following riders cannot score points with it, but they are not penalized for hits.
Skill at Arms
The "Skill at Arms" course requires the use of several weapons one behind the other and, in addition to using the weapons, also includes jumps over obstacles. The course consists of a passage with 2 to 3 stages, which must be completed at a minimum speed of 340 m / min.
The first stage includes 3 bush jumps at a distance of about 20 meters. Each jump is 60 centimeters high and up to 1.5 meters wide. On the right side of the first jump there is a 1.5 meter high bracket with a normal balloon, on the second jump the balloon is on the left. To the right of the third jump, the balloon is attached at a height of one meter. These balloons must be hit with a spear or pistol while jumping. At the end of the stage, 35 meters after the third jump, there is a barrel or bucket with a capacity of around 20 liters and a height of around 1.5 meters. This is where the weapon should be placed if it is not stowed back in the holster.
For the second stage you have to pick up a saber and attack 2 dummies with it. The dummies consist of sacks filled with straw, each dangling from a gallows at half the height of the obstacles on the first stage. A heart with a diameter of 8 centimeters is placed on the dummies at a height of 1.5 meters. After hitting the first dummy, the saber has to be quickly pulled out of it again to attack the second dummy. It should be left stuck in this, as the third and last stage is ridden with a lance. Should the rider fail to hit the second dummy, he must ram the saber into the ground near the lance.
The lance used for the third stage of Skill at Arms is loosely inserted into the ground and ready for the rider and must be pulled out and picked up by him. Then the rider has to complete a ring and peg course.
Points are distributed in this competition as follows: The rider receives 6 points each for the stake that is carried away, for each ring that is picked up and for hitting the heart of a dummy. There are 4 points each for pulling out the stake and 3 points each for hits in areas other than the heart and for balloons that burst on the first attempt and each successful jump. Two points are awarded for a stake that is hit but not pulled out. Time penalties follow the usual rules of half a point deduction per second started over the permitted time. Should the horse knock over the weapons stuck in the ground, the rider must dismount and put the weapon back in the ground. If the rider loses one of the weapons on the way, he will be disqualified. You will also be disqualified for the second refusal , leaving the course, failing to put a used revolver back into the holster and failing to cross the start line again if you refused the first jump.
Half Section Lance and Half Section Sword
Half Section Lance and Half Section Sword follow the rules of Lance and Sword Paired, but are ridden by both riders with a lance or saber.
Regional special rules
As mentioned earlier, some countries have their own rules at their tournaments. In addition to the points for target hits, style points are also awarded. Not only the style of the individual rider is assessed, but also in team disciplines whether the riders of a team are at the same height and are synchronized in their movements. In the Indian file, the even distance between the horses can also be assessed.
The Skill at Arms course can also vary in its composition. Sometimes one of the first two stages is omitted or its order is changed. The number of jumps can also vary depending on the tournament.
weapons
The regulations for the weapons used in tent pegging are also laid down in the regulations. For classic tent pegging and all overhead disciplines, a saber or lance is used.
Lances can be made of any material, but require a smooth metal tip that must not be sharp or jagged. Their length must be between 2.2 meters and 2.75 meters.
A blade length between 81 centimeters and 90 centimeters and a total length of 110 centimeters is permitted for sabers. No loops on the handle or barbs are allowed.
In the “Skill at Arms” competition, in addition to sabers and lances, alarm pistols, revolvers, batons and spears are also used.
Tent pegging in Germany
Tent pegging has existed in Germany since 2013. The first German tent pegging organization is "Tentpegging Germany", a division of the German Cavalry Association . This was founded in 2012 with the aim of promoting sporty cavalry riding in Germany. He also sent a German national team to international tent pegging competitions. At the turn of the year 2016/2017, the "German Tentpegging Association" was founded independently of the cavalry association as a department of the Märkisch-Oderland district sports association. On January 20, 2018, both associations, Tentpegging Germany and the German Tentpegging Association, founded the “German Tent Pegging Union” in Khartoum in Sudan as a joint umbrella organization that represents the German riders as the central organization vis-à-vis the ITPF.
German championships
On July 23 and 24, 2016, the first German championship organized by Tentpegging Germany took place in Crawinkel / Thuringia. The disciplines Individual Lance, Half Section Lance, Full Section Lance as well as Individual Sword, Half Section Sword and Full Section Sword were ridden. Tournament winner and German champion was Jenny Horvath.
On April 22nd, 2017, German tent pegging championships were held for the first time by the second association, the German tent pegging association, in the MAFZ Paaren / Glien. Individual Lance and Individual Sword as well as Half Section Lance and Half Section Sword were ridden. German champion in the overall ranking was Christian Scholle-Ziefuß on Chippy with 32 points, German vice-champion was Dr. Angela Breme on Chiko with 27 points, third was Steffen Kukral, also on Chiko, with 20 points.
In the international friendship tournament taking place at the same time, Great Britain won ahead of Norway and Germany, the USA took fourth place. Jenna Copley (GB) won the individual ranking with 44 points, ahead of Zubair Akram (NOR) with 36 points and Steffen Kukral (D) with 32 points.
On September 8th and 9th, 2017, Tentpegging Germany hosted an international tournament (ITPF) in Crawinkel / Thuringia. To this tournament sent u. a. the multi-time world champion South Africa his national team. In this context, the second German championship of Tent Pegging Germany was held. German champion 2017 was Aileen Froitzheim. Best international team was South Africa, best rider international was Corrie King from Britain.
Since the German Tent Pegging Union was founded in 2018, riders from all German associations have competed in a joint German championship. The Union also represents German athletes internationally at the world association ITPF.
From June 22nd to 24th, 2018, the first joint German championships of the German Tent Pegging Union took place on the polo pitch of the Schönwalde Castle near Berlin. Individual Lance, Halfsection Lance, Section Lance, Individual Sword, Halfsection Sword, Section Sword, Ring, Ring, Peg as well as Lemon, Lemon, Peg and Indian File were ridden. Aileen Froitzheim was the winner with 93 points in the overall ranking and thus German champion.
Between September 13 and 15, 2019, the German Championships took place in Crawinkel, Thuringia, with international participation. The best international rider was the Australian Aedan Staats with 154 points. The best team was Australia with a total of 540 points. Anna Schmidt-Pauly and Magdalena Grimm (76.2%) won the German championship in the course of the tournament. The disciplines Individual Lance, Halfsection Lance, Section Lance and Individual Sword, Halfsection Sword, Section Sword as well as Ring, Ring, Peg, Lemon, Lemon, Peg and Indian File were ridden. The championship was preceded by a qualifying tournament in Krügersdorf, Brandenburg on June 29 and 30, 2019.
Tent pegging international
The internationally recognized world association for tent pegging is the International Tent Pegging Federation (ITPF). The ITPF is based in Muscat, Oman. Founded as the World Tent Pegging Federation on March 21, 2013, it was renamed the International Tent Pegging Federation in October 2013 at the request of the FEI. According to the ITPF's website, the members are the national associations of Egypt, Australia, Bahrain, Germany, Great Britain, Iraq, Iran, India, Yemen, Jordan, Canada, Kazakhstan, Qatar, Kuwait, Lebanon, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi -Arabia, Sweden, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Sudan, Syria, Turkmenistan, the United Arab Emirates, the United States of America and Belarus. In addition, Morocco and Palestine were recognized as member countries at the General Assembly in December 2016. Poland and Kyrgyzstan were added in January 2018. Germany is a founding member of the ITPF and has been represented by the German Tent Pegging Union since 2018. Israel and the Netherlands also have national tent pegging associations.
Tent Pegging World Cup
In addition to issuing an internationally valid set of rules and representing sport in the FEI, the ITPF has been organizing a world championship every two years since 2014. This is usually preceded by 2 qualifying tournaments.
| year | Host country | winner | Runner-up | German placement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Oman | South Africa | Oman | no German participation |
| 2016 | Egypt | Egypt | South Africa | no German participation |
See also
Web links
- ITPF homepage
- Homepage of the German Tentpegging Association
- Homepage of Tentpegging Germany
- Homepage of the German Cavalry Association
Individual evidence
- ↑ Anil Taneja, World of Sports Outdoor, Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2009. p. 121
- ↑ "Tent pegging at Hurlingham," Illustrated London News, Summer 1875th
- ↑ Lenox-Conyngham Papers, Camp on the Raptee River, Cambridge University Center of South Asian Studies, Jan. 16, 1859
- ↑ "Tent Pegging" ( Memento of the original from April 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Olympic Council of Asia. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ^ "The History of Tentpegging in Great Britain" , British Tentpegging Association. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ^ Gen Sir Richard Gale, Kings at Arms London: Hutchinson, 1971, p. 9.
- ^ Philip K. Hitti : History of the Arabs , London: Macmillan, 1949 ed., Pp. 20-21.
- ^ "The History of Tentpegging in Great Britain" , British Tentpegging Association. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Tent Pegging" ( Memento of the original from April 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Olympic Council of Asia. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ↑ Anil Taneja, World of Sports Outdoor, Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2009. p. 121.
- ^ "Tent Pegging Competition Canceled," United States Equestrian Federation, January 2004. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ↑ "Asian and International Equestrian Tent Pegging Championship - Silver for Jenny Horwarth!" , German Cavalry Association, March 2015. Accessed April 21, 2016.
- ↑ ITPF: RULES FOR TENT PEGGING Effective from 1st January 2017. ITPF, January 1, 2017, accessed on June 28, 2017 .
- ↑ "The" Germans "are already attacking" , Bergsträßer Anzeiger, January 17, 2014. Retrieved on April 21, 2016.
- ^ "Deutscher Kavallerieverband eV" , German Cavalry Association. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ^ "International Tentpegging Competition" , German Cavalry Association, September 28, 2014. Accessed April 21, 2016.
- ↑ DTPV founded , dtpv.BLOG, accessed on February 14, 2017.
- ↑ a b DTPV and Tentpegging Germany found umbrella organization - German Tentpegging Association . In: German tentpegging association . March 28, 2018 ( deutschertentpeggingverband.de [accessed March 29, 2018]).
- ^ "German tentpegging championships" , German Cavalry Association. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
- ^ "Tournament successes" , Tentpegging Germany. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
- ↑ Results German Championship BERLIN 2017 - German Tentpegging Association . In: German tentpegging association . May 12, 2017 ( deutschertentpeggingverband.de [accessed June 28, 2017]).
- ↑ Results of the international friendship competition BERLIN 2017 - German Tentpegging Association . In: German tentpegging association . May 12, 2017 ( deutschertentpeggingverband.de [accessed June 28, 2017]).
- ^ "News" , Tentpegging Germany. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
- ^ II. German Championship in Tentpegging - Tentpegging Germany. Retrieved on March 29, 2018 (German).
- ↑ Results of the German Championships in Tent Pegging 2018. Accessed on February 25, 2020 (German).
- ↑ German Champion 2019: Anna Schmidt-Pauly and Magdalena Grimm from the Association Tentpegging Germany lead the German rankings with equal values. Retrieved on February 25, 2020 (German).
- ^ World Tent Pegging Federation, Minutes of the inaugural meeting, New Delhi, India, March 21, 2013. ( http://itpf.om/rules.php?type=1 ). Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ^ "History" , International Tent Pegging Federation. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ^ "Local Federations" , International Tent Pegging Federation. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
- ↑ Vereniging voor Bereden Wapenvaardigheid ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ "Oman all set for International Tent Pegging Federation" , Times of Oman, March 9, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
- ↑ "tent pegging WORLD CUP: EGYPT Emerges CHAMPION" , muscatdaily.com, April 19, 2016. Accessed April 21, 2016th
- ↑ "SA WINS tent pegging WORLD CUP" , muscatdaily.com, April 6, 2014. Accessed April 21, 2016th
- ↑ "tent pegging WORLD CUP: EGYPT Emerges CHAMPION" , muscatdaily.com, April 19, 2016. Accessed April 21, 2016th
