Backpack snails
Backpack snails | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gray-yellow backpack snail ( Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801) |
||||||||||||
Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
Testacellidae | ||||||||||||
Gray , 1840 | ||||||||||||
Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
Testacella | ||||||||||||
Cuvier , 1800 |
The backpack snails ( Testacella ) are the only genus of the family Testacellidae from the suborder of the land snails (Stylommatophora). It is predatory live snails with a highly reduced housing. There are six species in Europe.
features
The case is greatly reduced and sits like a little cap on the back of the body. The animals are very slender and stretched out to over 12 cm, but they can also contract very strongly. Two furrows run from the coat at the back of the body to the front. They each branch out laterally. The body color varies from yellow, cream to brown; sometimes the body is also spotted darker. The jaws are reduced, the radula has long, pointed, rearward-facing teeth that enable the prey to be held on.
Way of life, occurrence and distribution
The nocturnal representatives of the family live predatory on earthworms that z. T. are followed into their living tubes. These are grasped with the radula and swallowed whole. During the day the backpack snails hide in earth tubes. Most of the species are synanthropic , which is explained by the abundance of earthworms in humus-rich garden soils. The family is widespread in the western Mediterranean, the Mid-Atlantic Islands, the British Isles, and western France. One species has now also been proven in Germany. They were also abducted to other regions, e.g. B. to New Zealand.
Systematics
The family of backpack snails is the nominate family of the superfamily Testacelloidea. It currently only contains the genus Testacella , but most authors divide it into two subgenus, the nominate subgenus Testacella (Testacella) Cuvier, 1800 and Testacella (Testacelloides) AJ Wagner, 1914.
- Backpack snails (Testacellidae Gray, 1840)
- Genus backpack snails ( Testacella Cuvier, 1800)
- Subgenus Testacella Cuvier, 1800
- † Testacella asinia Serres, 1827, Pliocene (subspecies of Testacella maugei ?)
- Testacella barbei Lucas, 1958
- Testacella bisulcata Risso, 1826
- Testacella bracciai Nardi & Bodon, 2011
- † Testacella bruntoniana Serres, 1851, Pliocene
- † Testacella deshayesi Michaud, 1855, Pliocene
- Testacella fischeriana Bourguignat, 1861
- Gray-yellow backpack snail ( Testacella haliotidea Draparnaud, 1801)
- † Testacella lartetii Dupuy, 1850, Tortonium , Miocene
- Brown backpack snail ( Testacella maugei ) A. Férussac, 1819
- † Testacella pedemontana Sacco, 1886, Pliocene
- † Testacella puisseguri Schlickum, 1967, Pliocene
- Testacella riedeli Giusti, Manganelli & Schembri, 1996
- † Testacella sandbergeri Wenz, 1863, Chattium , Oligocene
- † Testacella schuetti Schlickum, 1967, Sarmatian , Miocene
- Yellow backpack snail ( Testacella scutulum ) GB Sowerby I. 1820
- † Testacella zelli Klein, 1853, Tortonium, Miocene
- Subgenus Testacelloides AJ Wagner, 1914
- Testacella gestroi Issel, 1873
- Subgenus Testacella Cuvier, 1800
- Genus backpack snails ( Testacella Cuvier, 1800)
supporting documents
literature
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8
Individual evidence
- ^ Gary M. Barker: Naturalized terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Fauna of New Zealand, 38: 3-249, Lincoln 1999.
- ↑ a b c d e f Wilhelm Wenz: Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria. In: Carl Diener (Ed.), Fossilium catalogus, 1 Animalium , 17: 1-352, Berlin 1923 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (pp. 207ff.).
- ↑ Gianbattista Nardi & Marco Bodon: Una nuova specie di Testacella Lamarck, 1801, per l'Italia Settentrionale (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Testacellidae). Boll. Malacol., 47: 150-164, 2011 PDF
- ↑ a b c W. Richard Schlickum: Two new fossil species of the genus Testacella. Archives for Molluscology, 96 (1/2): 63-66, Frankfurt / Main 1967.