Tindfjallajokull
| Tindfjallajokull | ||
|---|---|---|
 Tindfjallajökull, aerial view |
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| height | 1462 m | |
| location | Iceland | |
| Mountains | Tindfjöll | |
| Coordinates | 63 ° 47 ′ 9 ″ N , 19 ° 34 ′ 0 ″ W | |
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| Type | Stratovolcano | |
| Last eruption | (active) | |
 Tindfjallajökull in the background across the Þórsmörk |
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The Tindfjallajökull is a glacier volcano in southern Iceland . At its highest point, the summit Gipfelmir , it is 1462 m high.
Names of the peaks
Another peak, Ýma , lies like Ýmir on the edge of the summit caldera. These and other smaller peaks all bear the names of giants, dwarfs and other beings of Nordic mythology (cf. Edda ). However, the names were only given in modern times, no names of these peaks have survived from the Middle Ages.
location
Tindfjallajökull is located in the south of the country above Fljótshlíð and borders the Þórsmörk . To the east of it is the glacier shield of Mýrdalsjökull , to the south of Eyjafjallajökull . The peaks of the Tindfjöll are located in its southern apron .
glacier
Tindfjallajökull is also subject to the tendency for glaciers to melt due to climate changes. Its area was given in 1989 with 26.8 km². 20 years later its area is only 15 km². It is now one of the smallest glaciers in Iceland .
The glacier is located on the northwest edge of the summit caldera .
volcano
Under this glacier there is a mighty central volcano with a magma chamber , which had the last major eruption about 52,000 years ago. In the east of the mountain there is consequently a rhyolite area , which is a SiO 2 -rich rock that generally occurs in central volcanoes.
It is one of the few stratovolcanoes in Iceland.
About 200,000 years ago, during one of the warm periods, a very large explosive eruption occurred on the mountain, sending clouds of fire and pyroclastic currents in all directions. In some places v. a. in the valley of the Þórsmörk the ignimbrite deposits are meters thick. In another eruption of this type, around 53,000 years ago, the magma chamber collapsed and the large caldera formed , which can be seen very clearly from the air.
Some more outbreaks of v. a. in the north and west of the central volcano can be detected in the late Ice Age or the early modern period (in Iceland about 9,000 years ago).
There are three high temperature areas in the area of Tindfjallajökull u. a. between the Innri- and Fremri-Botná rivers.
The eponymous mountain range of Tindfjöll, which is characterized by its rugged mountain peaks (isl. = Tindar ), is located in the south of the glacier volcano and is connected to it.
Rockclimbing
The glacier is a popular destination for mountaineers and skiers. That is why there are three huts belonging to the Icelandic Trekking Association at its foot. The oldest is from 1945.
Rivers
Some rivers have their source area at Tindfjallajökull: Valá , a tributary of the Eystri-Rangá, as well as Hvítmaga , Innri- and Fremri-Botnsá , which flow into the Markarfljót .
See also
Web links
Photos and videos
Scientific contributions
- Tindfjallajökull in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
- Karl A. Jørgensen: The Thorsmörk ignimbrite: An unusual comenditic pyroclastic flow in southern Iceland , Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol.1, iss.1, 1980, pp. 7-22 (Science direct, abstract, English)
- Chemical analysis of the Tindfjallajökull ignimbrites in Þórsmörk, Univ. Copenhagen (English, PDF file)
Other
Individual evidence
- ↑ cf. Íslandshandbókin, 2.bindi, Reykjavík, Örn & Örlygur, 1989, p. 765
- ↑ Íslandshandbókin, 2.bindi, ibid., P. 765
- ^ Sverrir Guðmundsson ea, Response of Glacier Mass Balance to Regional Warming; in: Jarðfræðafélag Íslands. Vorráðstefna. ágrip erinda and vespjalda. Haldin í Öskju April 28, 2009, p. 42 Vorráðstefna Accessed April 12, 2010
- ↑ s. o. Sverrir Guðmundsson
- ↑ Íslandshandbókin. 2. bindi. 1989, p. 765
- ↑ Sigurlaug L. Skúladóttir, Þjóðgarðar, p. 9 Þjóðgarðar Accessed: April 12, 2010 - The other most important stratovolcanoes in Iceland are Eyjafjallajökull , Öræfajökull and Snæfellsjökull .
- ↑ cf. also Íslandshandbókin, ibid., p. 766
- ↑ Tindfjallajökull in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
- ↑ cf. HUSchmid: Icelandic - German dictionary. Hamburg (Buske) 2001, p. 258
- ↑ cf. Íslandshandbókin, 2. bindi, p. 766