Sip food
Drinking food (also called liquid food ) is a specially formulated high- energy food in liquid form that can be drunk. It is used for additional or complete nutrition when the patient can only inadequately or not at all eat solid food. Depending on the composition of the sip, specific components can be added, such as special proteins . This can be necessary for certain clinical pictures. Since many diseases are associated with a catabolic metabolism (see areas of application), an increased energy requirement alone can make it necessary to drink food.
According to the European Directive 1999/21 / EC, drinking foods belong to the dietary foods for special medical purposes (balanced diets).
application areas
Areas of application for drinking food with a medium and high physiological calorific value are, for example:
- severe emaciation ( cachexia ), e.g. B. in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tumor diseases , HIV / AIDS
- pre- and post-operative treatment of surgical patients
- geriatric patients
- Patients with chewing or swallowing disorders
Areas of application for drinking food with special amino acid, fatty acid or electrolyte patterns or modified carbohydrate components are, for example:
- Pre-nutrition and follow-on milk as a breast milk substitute for infants
- chronic kidney failure (end stage renal failure )
- Hemodialysis
- Inflammation of the pancreas ( pancreatitis ), liver failure
- Diabetes ( diabetes mellitus )
- Crohn's disease
Sip feed must not be used in patients for whom oral food intake is generally prohibited, as well as in allergies and intolerance to ingredients.
Sip food may be reimbursable under certain circumstances. The prerequisite is a doctor's prescription ( prescription ) and the pharmacy of the drug. Medicines that are not only available in pharmacies can be prescribed if they are expressly identified as such in the medicinal products guidelines of the Federal Joint Committee .
composition
The composition of the sip feed corresponds roughly to that of tube feed . It depends on the area of application. For example, studies found a clear relationship between nutritional status and survival time in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For example, COPD patients developed increased dyspnoea after eating high-fat food . A therapy recommendation for these patients is therefore to consume low-fat and high-carbohydrate drinking food. In patients with renal insufficiency, a low-protein and electrolyte-reduced sip is recommended. There are fiber-free variants for Crohn's disease patients.
Nutrition should not only take the form of drinking food, but should be supplemented by adequate fluid intake (according to the DGE recommendations, between 25 and 35 milliliters per kilogram of body weight ). In connection with disease-related normal or high-energy drinking food, the expert speaks of balanced nutrition ( balanced food ), whereby the reference point is the calculated personal nutritional requirement . This is based, among other things, on the weight of the patient before treatment and can be determined using an evaluation index .
viscosity
The viscosity ( viscosity ) of the liquid food should be such that it can be drunk through a straw. Slightly chilled drinking food tastes better than drinking food at room temperature.
To maintain this viscosity, storage should not fall below 15 ° C ( internal temperature ). The best storage options for drinking food are in the refrigerator or, for larger quantities, in the cold room .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Directive 99/21 / EC of the Commission of March 25, 1999 on dietetic foods for special medical purposes , accessed on January 12, 2019 . Art. 1 and 4.
- ↑ Drugs Directive (AM-RL) (PDF; 365 kB)
- ↑ http://www.medizinprodukterecht-aktuell.de/2/
- ↑ Gratiana Steinkamp: COPD, the systemic disease: Diet: too little attention and still unsolved. In: Pneumology. 57, 2003, p. 681, doi : 10.1055 / s-2003-44265 .
