Trio (molding)

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In music, trio (from Italian tre = three) not only denotes an instrumental ensemble with three players , but also a middle section inserted between the main section and its repetition in certain pieces of music (e.g. marches, dances, scherzi ). The term indicates that, unlike the full cast of the frame parts, it was originally a three-part movement.

In the baroque dance suite , the convention had developed to present some dances ( minuet , gavotte , bourrée , passepied, etc.) in duplicate, probably because of their particular popularity. B. as Minuet I and Minuet II . The minuet I was then played by the full orchestra, the minuet II only by a trio (usually two oboes or flutes and bassoon). Finally, the minuet I was repeated in an abbreviated version. H. without repeating its two parts.

In the minuet and scherzo, the trio has had a fuller line-up since the Viennese classic , but is usually quieter than the main movement and often features cantilever melodies, key changes and / or tempo changes.

The term trio is also retained as a pure form designation if there is no longer any reference to the original meaning, for example in the case of chamber music or solo ensembles. For example, curiously, within a trio (as a genre of work) a trio (as a molded part) can occur. The term trio can also be found in piano sonatas , although there is only one player.

Trios are generally quieter than the main part, but in Beethoven's piano sonatas, for example, there are blatant counterexamples. So z. B. the trio of the Scherzo of the Sonata op. 2, no. 3, made up of passionately digging chord breaks, which form a downright dark and dramatic contrast to the cheerful, playful character of the main section.

The trio is an integral part of the polka and march of the 19th century. Since these pieces of music follow the structure A - B - A, the middle section ("B") is called a "trio". In this form it is occasionally part of the waltz (e.g. in the “Kiss Waltz”, op. 400 by Johann Strauss (Sohn) ).

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