Trobairitz
The Trobairitz were the female counterpart to the Trobadors in the 11th to 13th centuries in southern France, in the Occitan language area . The word Trobairitz, just like trobador and trobaire , comes from the Occitan word trobar "to find, to invent a song".
In the manuscripts in which the texts of the Trobadors and the Vidas (short biographies) and Razos (biographical-anecdotal explanations of individual songs) added to these texts , about 20 women are referred to and named as Trobairitz. A check of the real existence of these women is not possible in all cases. Overall, the Trobairitz texts represent around 5% of the traditional Trobador poetry. These works represent a special feature of medieval poetry, as they were written by women from the female point of view.
The Trobairitz is a phenomenon limited to the Occitan language area and the period from the late 11th to the 13th century. B. in the Central European minstrel no female counterpart is known.
subjects
Even if the form of Trobairitz's works varies, the central theme is fin'amor , the ideal of pure or perfect love. The idealized courtly love can be found here as well as with its male counterparts.
Well-known Trobairitz
The number of Trobairitz remains unclear, the number varies depending on the researcher. The following Trobairitz are known by name, who appear either as the sole lyrical self in the poems or as dialogue partners:
As the only lyrical self
Azalaïs de Porcairagues , Beatriz de Dia , Beiris de Romans, Castelloza , Clara D'Anduza, Tibors de Sarenom, Azalais d'Altier, Gormonda de Monpeslier . By Beatriz de Dia, Castelloza and Azalaïs de Porcairagues gold-trimmed miniatures from manuscripts of the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris became known.
Dialogues from woman to woman
Alaisina Iselda and Carenza, Almucs de Castelnou and Iseut de Capion,
Dialogue partners of trobadors
Alamanda (with Giraut de Bornelh), Garsenda de Forcalquier (with Gui de Cavaillon), Felipa (with Arnaut Plagues), Guilhelma de Rosers (with Lanfranc Cigala), Lombarda (with Bernart Arnaut d'Armagnac), Maria de Ventadorn (with Gui d'Ussel), Ysabella (with Elias Cairel )
In addition, a number of anonymous texts are also attributed to Trobairitz. In addition, some women are assigned to the Trobairitz, although no works by them have survived (such as Gaudairença).
Notes on modern musical interpretations
The group Hespèrion XX (today: Hespèrion XXI ) with the soprano Montserrat Figueras was the first ensemble to venture into the interpretation of the works of Trobairitz in 1978, i.e. the interpretation of those old Occitan women's songs. Poems and songs from the Condesa de Provenza Garsenda and the Condesa de Dia (= Beatriz de Dia ) are interpreted.
literature
- Angelica Rieger: Trobairitz. The contribution of women to ancient Occitan courtly poetry. Edition of the entire corpus (supplements to the journal for Romance philology; vol. 233). Niemeyer, Tübingen 1991, ISBN 3-484-52233-X (plus dissertation, University of Mainz 1989).
- Angelica Rieger: Profession: "Joglaressa". The minstrel in the Occitan Middle Ages. In: Detlef Altenburg , Jörg Jarnut , Hans-Hugo Steinhoff (eds.): Festivals and celebrations in the Middle Ages. Paderborn Symposium of the Medievalist Association . Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1991 ISBN 3-7995-5402-5 .
- Meg Bogin: The Women Troubadours . WW Norton, New York 1980, ISBN 0-393-00965-3 .
- Matilda Bruckner, Laurie Shepard & Sarah White: Songs of the Women Troubadours (Garland library of medieval literature / A; Vol. 97). New edition Garland, New York 1995, ISBN 0-8153-3568-7 .
- Simon Gaunt & Sarah Kay: The Troubadours. An introduction . New edition CUP, Cambridge 2003, ISBN 0-521-57473-0 .
- William D. Paden (Ed.): The Voice of the Trobairitz. Perspectives on the Women Troubadours. UP of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 1989, ISBN 0-8122-8167-5 .
Web links
- "Playwomen in the Middle Ages" - Award-winning multimedia presentation on the topic at MUGI Music and Gender on the Internet (Hamburg University of Music and Theater)