Beatrice de Dia

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The Trobairitz "comtessa de Dia"
Author portrait in the historicized initials "A". Chansonnier provençal "K" from the 13th century. BnF ms. 12473, fol. 126v.

Beatriz de Dia , la comtessa de Dia , the "Countess of Die ", is the best-known Trobairitz - this is how the Altoczitan describes a female Trobador .

She lived in the High Middle Ages , in the late 12th century, in the Dauphiné , in what is now the Drôme department . The eponymous city “ Die ” was called “Dea” Augusta Vocontiorum in Roman times in honor of the Celtic war goddess Andarta of the Gallic Vocontiers . In Old Occitan Latin became Dea (goddess) "Dià", from which French "Die".

The poems and compositions of this Trobairitz, this «femme-troubadour», are regarded in the more recent Romance research as synonymous with the trobador lyric of the male minstrels. Beatritz de Dià is so famous because she describes courtly love from a female point of view with an outspoken frankness that was unusual for her time. The Trobairitz reversed roles. She expresses her erotic claim most clearly in the last stanza of the "canso" " Estat ai en greu cossirier " (I had great sorrow).

Life

Above the historicized initials “A” is the short Vida of the “Comtessa de Dia” in red lettering . (Chansonnier provençal "I", BnF ms. 854 fol. 141r).

From an extremely succinct “ Vida ”, a poetic and legendary biography written by an anonymous biographer in the 13th century, one learns in just two sentences that the Trobairitz Comtessa de Dia with an - unspecified - “Guilhem de Peitieus” ( Wilhelm von Poitiers ) was married and fell in love with a trobador, Raimbaut d'Aurenga :

« La comtessa de Dia si fo moiller d'En Guillem de Peitieus, bella domna e bona. Et enamoret se d'En Rambaut d'Aurenga, e fez de lui mantas bonas cansos. »

“ The Countess von Die , a beautiful and good lady, was the wife of Seigneur Wilhelm von Poitiers. She fell in love with Seigneur Raimbaut d'Aurenga and composed many a beautiful song for him. "

- Jean Boutière and Alexander Herman Schutz : Biographies des Troubadors , p. 83: XXVII La comtessa de Dia.

plant

Four canos and a tenzone

Only four “cansos”, 117 verses, have survived from your work. It remains controversial whether Trobairitz wrote the Tenzone , the debate “Amics, en gran cossirier” (friend, in great grief), BdT 46.3, together with her beloved trobador Raimbaut d'Aurenga , or whether authorship, as it is in the medieval manuscripts belong entirely to Raimbaut d'Aurenga.

A chantar m'er de so q'ieu no volria
  • Ab ioi et ab ioven m'apais (I feed on joy and youth), BdT 46.1
  • A chantar m'er de so q'ieu no volria (I have to sing about what I don't want to sing about), BdT 46.2 - the melody has been handed down
  • Amics, en gran cossirier (friend in great grief), BdT 46,3 - Tenzone , a dispute between Raimbaut d'Aurenga and the Trobairitz.
  • Estat ai en greu cossirier (I had great sorrow), BdT 46.4
  • Fin ioi me don'alegranssa (True joy gives me happiness), BdT 46.5

The canso "Estat ai en greu cossirier"

01 Estat ai en greu cossirier
02 per un cavallier qu'ai agut,
03 e vuoil sia totz temps saubut
04 cum ieu l'ai amat a sobrier:
05 ara vei qu'ieu sui trahida
06 car ieu non li donei m'amor,
07 don ai estat en gran error
08 en lieig e quan sui vestida.

09 Ben volria mon cavallier
10 tener our en mos bratz nut,
11 qu'el s'en tengra per ereubut
12 sol qu'a lui fezes cosseillier;
13 car plus m'en sui abellida
14 no fetz Floris de Blancheflor:
15 ieu l'autrei mon cor e m'mor,
16 mon sen, mos huoills e ma vida.

17 Bels amics avinens e bos,
18 coraus tenrai en mos poder?
19 e que jagues ab vos our
20 e qu'ie · us des un bais amoros!
21 Sapchatz, gran talan n'auria
22 qu'ieu · s tengues en luoc del marit ,
23 ab so que m'aguessetz ple vit
24 de far tot so qu'ieu volria.

I've had great sorrow for
a knight who was mine
And I want people to know
how much I loved him at all times .
Now I see that I was betrayed
Because I did not give him my love,
Which is why I suffered a lot
day and night. (literally: when I was in bed and when I was dressed)

I would love to
hold my knight naked in my arms one evening
And wish that he would be happy
Alone if I served him as a pillow
Because I'm more in love with him than
Floris in Blanchefleur was.
I give him my heart and my love,
my purpose, my eyes and my life.

Beautiful, amiable and good friend,
When will I have you in my power
If only one evening I could lie in bed with you
and give you a kiss!
Know that I would have a great desire to have
you with me in place of my husband
, provided you had promised me
to do whatever I wanted.
 

literature

bibliography

  • Alfred Jeanroy : Bibliography sommaire des chansonniers provençaux. Manuscrits et éditions . Éditions Honoré Champion , Paris 1916. as PDF online - on Internet Archive .
  • Alfred Pillet and Henry Carstens: Bibliography of the Troubadours , Max Niemeyer Halle 1933. Ristampa anastatica dell'edizione Halle (Saale), Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1933, a cura di Paolo Borso e Roberto Tagliani. Ledizioni, Milano 2013, ISBN 978-88-95994-64-2 . (460 troubadours known by name are listed here alphabetically and numbered. Beatritz (“tz” sic! ) De Dia is listed under the number 46.)

Biographies

Editions

  • Oskar Schultz-Gora : The Provencal poets. Biographies and texts with notes and an introduction. Gustav Fock, Leipzig 1888. Comtessa (Beatritz) de Dia, pp.8 / 9 and 17/19: online - on Internet Archive
  • Sernin Santy: La Comtesse de Die: sa vie, ses œuvres complètes, les fêtes données en son honneur, avec tous les documents , A. Picard Paris 1893: online - on Internet Archive .
  • Gabrielle Kussler-Ratyé: Les chansons de la Comtesse Beatrix de Dia , in: Archivum Romanicum, Nuova rivista di filologia romanze, Vol. I, 1917, pp. 161–182: online - on Internet Archive .
  • Ingrid Kasten (publisher and translator): Women's songs of the Middle Ages: bilingual. Pages: 164–178, Reclam 8630, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 978-3150086308 .

Secondary literature

  • (FR) Pierre Bec : Chants d'amour des femmes-troubadours: trobairitz et chansons de femme , Paris, Stock, 1995, ISBN 2-234-04476-6 .
  • Ursula Peters: Das Ich im Bild: The figure of the author in vernacular illuminated manuscripts from the 13th to 16th centuries , Verlag Böhlau, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3412188061 - limited preview in Google book search.
  • Angelica Rieger: Trobairitz: The contribution of women in the ancient Occitan courtly poetry. Edition of the entire body. Supplements to the journal for Romance philology, Volume 233, 1991, ISBN 978-3484522336 . - limited preview in the Google book search
  • Angelica Rieger: Profession: Joglaressa. The minstrel in the Occitan Middle Ages , in: Detlef Altenburg u. a. (Ed.): Festivals and celebrations in the Middle Ages. Paderborn Symposium of the Medievalist Association, Sigmaringen 1991 ISBN 3-7995-5402-5
  • Dietmar Rieger (ed. & Transl.): Medieval poetry of France I. Songs of the Trobadors. Bilingual Provençal - German. Reclam's Universal Library 7620, Stuttgart 1980 (Beatriz: pp. 176–180, on this commentary by Rieger pp. 295ff, lit.) ISBN 3-15-007620-X
  • Dietmar Rieger : Die Altprovenzalische Lyrik , in: Heinz Bergner (Hrsg.): Lyrik des Mittelalters , Reclam 7896, Stuttgart 1983, p. 232, ISBN 978-3150078976 .
  • Marilyn Yalom : How the French Invented Love. 900 years of passion , Graf Verlag 2013, ISBN 978-3-86220-038-2 , limited preview in the Google book search

Web links

Commons : Beatriz de Dia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

See also

  • In 1974 the novel Life and Adventure of Trobadora Beatriz was published in Berlin based on testimonies from her playmate Laura von Irmtraud Morgner

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Jean-Loup Lemaître and François Viellard Portraits de troubadours - initiales des chansonniers provençaux I et K (Paris, BNF, ms. Fr. 854 et 12473) , Musée du pays d'Ussel, Paris 2006, ISBN 978-2903920357 .
  2. ↑ fol . 126v - on Gallica.
  3. ↑ Pierre Bec : Chants d'amour des femmes-troubadours: trobairitz et chansons de femme , Paris, Stock, 1995, ISBN 2-234-04476-6 .
  4. ↑ Dietmar Rieger (ed. & Transl.): Medieval poetry of France I. Songs of the Trobadors, p. 296.
  5. ↑ Recueil des poésies des troubadours, contenant leurs vies, XIII e siècle: fol. 141r - on Gallica
  6. ↑ On page fol. 141r of the Chansonnier provençal "I", Recueil des poésies des troubadours, contenant leurs vies, XIII e siècle, BnF ms. 854 fol. 141r Chansonnier provençal "I" Recueil des poésies des troubadours, contenant leurs vies , XIII e siècle: fol. 141r - on Gallica from the 13th century, is written in red, above the historicized initial "A" the short Vida of the Comtessa de Dia. The decorated "A" marks the beginning of the "Canso" "Ab joi e ab joven m'apais" .
  7. ↑ All translations from Altokitan are by the lead author of this article.
  8. ↑ Estat ai en greu cossirier - sung.
  9. ↑ "Estat ai en greu cossirier" : text online and sung in altokzitanischer language
personal data
SURNAME Beatrice de Dia
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Beatritz de Dia; Comtessa de Dia; Condesa de Dia
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Trobairitz, Countess von Dia
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH 12th century or 13th century