Trough battery
A trough battery is a modification of a voltaic ash column and a design of a historical wet battery for generating direct voltage . It was developed in 1800 by William Cruickshank : After Alessandro Volta had made his voltaic column known in March 1800, Cruickshank published it in July 1800 a description of its trough battery.
A major disadvantage of the Voltasche column is due to the vertical structure in the form of a column. Due to the weight of the stacked metal plates, the pieces of cardboard or leather placed between the metal plates and soaked with electrolytes are pressed together. As a result, the liquid electrolyte, in particular in the lower region of the column, is pressed outwards and the battery capacity of the entire arrangement is reduced.
The trough battery avoids this disadvantage by a horizontal structure of several individual small rectangular vessels (trough) in a long row, as shown in the contemporary illustration. In each trough, which is its own electrical galvanic cell , two metal plates made of zinc and copper are embedded as electrodes , fixed in position with shellac and neighboring cells are electrically connected in series to increase the electrical voltage of the overall arrangement. As with the Voltasche column, sulfuric acid is used as the electrolyte in each of the individual containers .
Various experiments were carried out with the trough battery. So you could burn through thin gold flakes and ignite phosphorus or gunpowder . In 1829 a variant of the trough battery was proposed that contained amalgamated zinc electrodes, which significantly reduced the corrosion of the zinc. With the development of better batteries, especially with the invention of the Daniell element in 1836, trough batteries became more and more obsolete.
literature
- JCL Reinhold: Annals of Physics . Ed .: Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert. tape 10 , 1802, pp. 301 ff . ( Online PDF ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Through battery. Retrieved April 10, 2013 .
- ^ William Cruickshank: Continued Observations on the Chemical Effects of Galvanic Electricity . In: Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert (Ed.): Annalen der Physik . tape 7 , no. 1 . Rengersche Buchhandlung, Halle 1801, 2. A modification of the new galvanic apparatus Alex. Volta's, S. 88–113 (Chapters: 99–102) , doi : 10.1002 / andp.18010070108 ( online at Gallica Bibliothèque nationale de France [accessed on October 19, 2016]): “I made a kind of wood from wood that was dried in the oven make from trough [...] The soldered together zinc and silver plates were cemented to the trough using a cement made of resin and wax completely watertight, so that no droplet of water could penetrate from one cell to the other or between the soldered plates "
- ^ Johann Christoph Leopold Reinhold, Pierre Sue: History of Galvanism: after Sue d.ä. Frey edited, with additions and a treatise on the application of galvanism in practical medicine: two sections . Hinrichs, January 1, 1803 ( google.de [accessed November 2, 2016]).
- ^ Kemp: Description of a New Kind of Galvanic Pile, and also of another Galvanic Apparatus in the form of a Trogh . In: Robert Jameson (Ed.): The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal . Adam and C. Black, Longman, Edinburgh, London 1829, On a New Galvanic Trogh, p. 70 ( google.de [accessed on November 2, 2016]).