Truck system

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Truck system (from English to truck , 'exchange) refers to the in the time of the Manchester liberalism arisen wages of workers by goods , which may be, for example, food and beverages in particular the practice, as employers its workers in goods from their own production to reward.

Veilsdorf copper stamp worth 3 Kreuzers, year 1822

The truck system was widespread in the early industrial era. It was often used by employers to pay out wages in the form of inferior goods and goods that were overpriced. One example is the Veilsdorf copper stamps , which were issued as factory money by the porcelain factory Kloster Veilsdorf in Saxony-Hildburghausen in 1822 .

This is countered by regulations in the legislation of various states. The employer should pay his employees with money , i.e. provide them with a fungible means of payment . The truck ban is also intended to prevent employees from being burdened with the risk of selling the goods.

In many countries, such as Austria and Germany, it is permissible that part of the remuneration is paid in kind . This deputation wage or discounts on products of the employer must be agreed between the contracting parties and be in the interests of the employee.

International truck bans

In Great Britain , Truck Acts were enacted in 1831, 1887 and 1896 that restricted or banned the trucking system.

The truck system was banned in Prussia in 1849. Factory inspections were set up in Germany in the 1860s, also to enforce the existing bans. According to Section 107 of the Trade Regulations , it is not permissible for an employer to sell goods to its employees in exchange for payment in installments and then deduct the installments from their wages .

The truck ban also applies in Swiss labor law according to Art. 323b Para. 3 OR.

In the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , the truck system became illegal in 1885 with the amendment (§78, a – e) of the trade regulations of 1859. In his socially critical reports, the doctor and co-founder of the Austrian social democracy, Victor Adler , particularly drew attention to the exploitation of workers by means of truck systems in the clay pits and production plants in the south of Vienna at the time of the construction of the Ringstrasse . These investigative reports made the truck system known to a wider public for the first time and led to the hesitant enforcement of the law.

In Germany, the truck ban can be found in § 107 GewO.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Thomas Bartscher: Art. "Truck system". In: Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon .
  2. ↑ a b Joachim Wichert: Art. "Truck ban". In: Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon .
  3. ↑ a b Trade Regulations 1859 - Industrial auxiliary staff: §78 wage payments , effective date June 1, 1885, Austrian National Library .
  4. ^ George W. Hilton: The British Truck System in the Nineteenth Century . Journal of Political Economy, 65/3 (June 1957), pp. 237-256.
    Verena Guttenberg: Protection against discrimination in employment in Great Britain - Equality Act 2010 (= New Legal Contributions 103). Herbert Utz Verlag , Munich, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8316-4414-8 , p. 130.
  5. ^ Wolfram Siemann : From confederation to nation state: Germany 1806–1871 (= New History 7). CH Beck , Munich, 1995, ISBN 3-406-30819-8 , p. 183.
    Hermann Beck : The Origins of the Authoritarian Welfare State in Prussia: Conservatives, Bureaucracy, and the Social Question, 1815-70 . University of Michigan Press , 1997, ISBN 0-472-08428-3 , p. 212.
  6. ^ The individual employment contract , SR: 220 - Federal Act of March 30, 1911 regarding the amendment to the Swiss Civil Code (Part Five: Law of Obligations).
  7. ^ Karl R. Stadler: Victor Adler . In: Walter Pollak (Ed.): A thousand years of Austria. A Biographical Chronicle , Volume 3: Parliamentarism and the Two Republics. Verlag Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1974, ISBN 3-7141-6523-1 , pp. 50–60, here p. 57.
    Victor Adler and the brick workers . SPÖ favorites, accessed on August 30, 2015.
    Johannes Luxner: Much misery for shine . orf.at , May 1, 2015.
  8. ↑ § 107 GewO - single standard. Retrieved November 15, 2017 .