Tschililerche
| Tschililerche | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tschililerche |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Calandrella cheleensis | ||||||||||||
| ( Swinhoe , 1871) |
The Tschililerche ( Calandrella cheleensis , Syn .: Alaudala cheleensis ), also called salt lark , is a species of the lark family. Its body proportions correspond to the short-toed lark found in southern Europe . The distribution area of the Tschililerche is in Asia. There are six subspecies.
The assignment of the Tschililerche to the genus Calandrella is currently being revised. In 2013, Per Alström and colleagues found in a study on the relationship of the larks that the genus Calandrella would be paraphyletic in the usual delimitation . According to their results, Calandrella consists of two groups of species. For those that do not contain the type species Calandrella brachydactyla , they reactivated the old genus name Alaudala Horsfield & Moore, which was previously considered a synonym , in 1856 (type species: Calandrella raytal ). Accordingly, the bank would Lerche together with the stub Lerche, the bank Lerche and Alaudala Athensis to transfer in this genus. This change has already been adopted in many cases. However, a more recent study from 2016 found an unstable phylogeny and raised doubts about the monophyly of some species.
features
The Tschililerche reaches a body length of about 15.5 centimeters, of which the tail accounts for between 6 and 7 centimeters. The beak measures between 0.7 and 0.9 centimeters from the skull. It weighs 20 to 24 grams. There is no gender dimorphism .
The Tschililerche is a very light colored lark with a noticeably short, powerful beak. The basic color of the top of the body is sand-colored, light yellowish gray or gray-brown. The top of the head and the upper back are striped lengthways with fine dark stripes.
The wings and the umbrella feathers are dark gray-brown with pale brown edges. The large and middle arm covers have broad yellowish to whitish tips that form two clearly visible wing bands when in flight. The tail is also gray-brown, the outermost (sixth) control spring has a white wedge on the outside.
The species has almost no facial pattern. The cheeks and ear coverts are almost unbroken, monochrome gray-brown and broadly white at the back and below. The cheek and chin stripes are narrow and brownish, the beard stripes are white. The sides of the chest underneath and the upper flanks are faintly dark dashed on a yellowish background. The rest of the breast and throat, like the rest of the rest of the underside of the torso, are solid white.
The iris is dark brown, the legs are flesh-like, the beak is light horn-colored.
Possible confusion
The short-toed lark and the stubbed lark , from which the Tschililerche can hardly be distinguished when observing the field , also occur in their area of distribution . One of the distinguishing features of the Tschililerche is the slightly more pronounced dotted line on the skull and chest.
Distribution area and habitat
The Chililerche occurs in Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, northern China, southern Siberia, Mongolia and Korea. In their area of distribution it is a stand and stick bird . Their height distribution extends up to 1700 meters.
The habitat of the Tschililerche are steppes and salt marshes. In the region between the Aral Sea and the Balkhash Sea , where the distribution area of the Tschililerche overlaps with the Stummellerche, the Tschililerche occurs exclusively in salt marshes, while the Stummellerche inhabits various desert and steppe landscapes.
Way of life
The way of life of the Tschililerche has not yet been conclusively investigated. It probably behaves similarly to the Stummellerche.
Subspecies
There are six subspecies:
- C. c. leucophaea - ( Severtsov , 1873) : Originally described as a separate species. Occurrence from Kazakhstan to Turkmenistan
- C. c. seebohmi - Sharpe , 1890 : Originally described as a separate species. Occurrence in the northwest of China
- C. c. tuvinica - ( Stepanyan , 1975) : Occurrence in northwestern Mongolia and southern Russia
- C. c. cheleensis - Swinhoe , 1871 : Occurrence from the south of Siberia through the northeast of Mongolia to the northeast of China.
- C. c. kukunoorensis - Przewalski , 1876 : Occurrence in western China
- C. c. beicki - ( Meise , 1933) : Occurrence in southern Mongolia and northern China.
literature
- Rudolf Pätzold : The larks of the world . Westarp Sciences, Magdeburg 1994, ISBN 3-89432-422-8 .
- Rudolf Pätzold: Compendium of Larks. All the larks on earth. Jan-Schimkat-Medienpublikation, Dresden 2003, ISBN 3-00-011219-7 .
Web links
Single receipts
- ↑ a b c d Pätzold: Compendium of Larks . P. 281.
- ^ Pätzold: Compendium of Larks . P. 282.
- ↑ Per Alström, Keith N. Barnes, Urban Olsson, F. Keith Barker, Paulette Bloomer, Aleem Ahmed Khan, Masood Ahmed Qureshi, Alban Guillaumet, Pierre-André Crochet, Peter G. Ryan (2013): Multilocus phylogeny of the avian family Alaudidae (larks) reveals complex morphological evolution, non-monophyletic genera and hidden species diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69 (3): 1043-1056. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2013.06.005
- ↑ George Sangster, J. Martin Collinson, Pierre-André Crochet, Guy M. Kirwan, Alan G. Knox, David T. Parkin, Stephen C. Votier (2014): Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palaearctic birds: 10th report. Ibis 157: 193-200. doi : 10.1111 / ibi.12221
- ↑ Martin Stervander, Per Alström, Urban Olsson, Ulf Ottosson, Bengt Hansson, Staffan Bensch (2016): Multiple instances of paraphyletic species and cryptic taxa revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear RAD data for Calandrella larks (Aves: Alaudidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 102: 233-245. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2016.05.032
- ^ Pätzold: Compendium of Larks . P. 280.
- ^ IOC World Bird List 6.4 . In: IOC World Bird List Datasets . September. doi : 10.14344 / ioc.ml.6.4 .